Damage mechanics model for brittle failure of transversely isotropic solids : finite element implementation

A new continuum damage model, the wing crack damage (WCD) model, was developed for the analysis of brittle failure of transversely isotropic solids. Special attention was paid to the analysis of axial splitting under compression and tensile cracking under tension. In addition to the WCD model a three-dimensional version of the damage model proposed by Murakami and Kamiya was enhanced and implemented in ABAQUS/Standard FE software. The proposed WCD model is based on the use of the damage vector. The vector represents both the normal direction of the surface of the plane crack and the size of the damaged area. Damaging induces anisotropy in an originally transversely isotropic material. The evolution equations for damage are motivated by the wing crack growth mechanism. The evolution is based on propagation of pre-existing damage. The proposed model enables modelling of pre-existing cracks. The feature can be exploited in studying the effect of orientation and size distribution of pre-existing cracks on the failure of materials. The model was implemented in ABAQUS/Standard FE software as a user subroutine. The unsymmetrical behaviour of cracked materials under tension and compression due to the opening and closure of cracks is taken into account in the proposed model. In the work it was shown that the widely used strain-based crack closure criteria cannot be reliably applied in a two- and three-dimensional stress state. To attain a deformation localisation zone of finite width, a damage rate-dependent damage surface was introduced. The validity of the proposed model was verified by testing it against five basic structures composed of known natural materials (ice, marble and concrete). The numerical simulations revealed the capability of the model in modelling brittle failure modes of transversely isotropic materials.%%%%Tutkimuksessa on esitetty kaksi vauriomekaniikkaan (Continuum damage mechanics) perustuvaa materiaalimallia: Murakami Kamiyan (MK) malli, seka uusi "wing crak damage" -malli (WCD). Molemmat mallit on liitetty ABAQUS-elementtimenetelmaohjelmistoon UMAT-aliohjelmana. Esitetty uusi WCD-malli on tarkoitettu transversaali-isotrooppisten materiaalien haurasmurtuman mallintamiseen. Erityista huomiota on kiinnitetty yksiaksiaalisessa puristuksessa tapahtuvan kuormituksen kanssa yhdensuuntaisen halkeamisen seka yksiaksiaalisessa vedossa tapahtuvan kuormitusta vastaan kohtisuorassa olevan saroytymisen mallintamiseen. Esitetty WCD-malli perustuu "vauriovektorin" kayttoon. Vauriovektori edustaa seka tasomaisen saron normaalin suuntaa etta vaurioituneen alueen kokoa. Vaurioitumisen vuoksi transversaali-isotrooppisesta materiaalista tulee anisotrooppista. Vaurion kasvumekanismi simuloi siipisaron (wing crack) kasvumekanismia. Uusi WCD-malli mahdollistaa materiaalissa ennen kuormitusta olevien alkusarojen mallintamisen. Piirretta voidaan hyodyntaa tutkittaessa alkusarojen suunnan ja suuruuden vaikutusta materiaalin vaurioitumiseen. Halkeilleen materiaalin epasymmetrinen kayttaytyminen vedossa ja puristuksessa…

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