Detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution by P(MBTVBC-co-VIM)-coated QCM sensor

Abstract A novel copolymer P(MBTVBC- co -VIM) was designed and successfully synthesized for the fabrication of copolymer-coated QCM sensors to detect the heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. The copolymer P(MBTVBC- co -VIM) contains many nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) atoms in the side groups as electron donors, which can easily form complexes with heavy metal ions. The strong interaction between the S atom and Au electrode of quartz crystal further assures the stability of copolymer thin films on the quartz crystal surface in aqueous media. The QCM results indicated that the P(MBTVBC- co -VIM)-coated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, stability and selectivity for the detection of Cu 2+ in aqueous solution. The lowest detection limit can reach 10 ppm Cu 2+ in aqueous solution, which resulted in the frequency shift of 3.0 Hz (Δ F 3 /3). The P(MBTVBC- co -VIM)-coated QCM sensors had porous surface morphologies as revealed by AFM investigation. Such porous structures enhanced the surface areas of the copolymer thin films, which increased the contacting probability of N and S atoms with heavy metal ions in solution and improved the detection sensitivity of the copolymer-coated QCM sensors.

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