Review of Stirling-engine mathematical models

A review of existing mathematical models for Stirling engine thermodynamic analysis has been performed. Twenty-five models were identified through extensive literature search; 19 of these were published in sufficient detail for review. Each individual model's assumptions, limitations, predictability, and applicability were assessed by using a two-part review format consisting of model description and validation. According to their design methods, models were grouped into four categories by degree of sophistication: approximate (first-order) methods, decoupled (second-order) methods, nodal (third-order) analyses, and method of characteristics. The salient characteristics of the models were summarized in two tables for cross-reference.