Extending and operationalizing construction productivity measurement on building projects

Abstract Measuring construction productivity in an accurate, repeatable and reliable way represents a significant problem at a building project level of enquiry. The research develops a measurement framework that balances simplified data gathering against explanatory ability. It aims to assist analytically driven process improvement. Debate and discourse are used to draw upon the extant literature in creating a logic-based flow of ideas to develop the framework. Targeted use of empirical cost and site process data from case studies are presented to punctuate the discourse. The derived approach advocates multifactor measurement inclusive of labour and temporary production infrastructure inputs, set against Gross Floor Area outputs. Emphasis is placed on separately measuring homogenous and heterogeneous parts of work processes. A reductionist approach is used to operationalize measurement where projects are categorized according to fitness-for-purpose criteria and links made between systems, activities and tasks. Emphasizing measurement of homogenous parts of the work is new to the literature. It enables delineated measurement between work involving mass economies of scale (homogenous work), versus customized work (heterogeneous work). The approach enables improved benchmarking, diagnostic and predicative options. A course of ongoing research is provided to assist ongoing development and implementation.

[1]  Mostafa E. Shehata,et al.  Towards improving construction labor productivity and projects’ performance , 2011 .

[2]  Paul E. Pieper The Measurement of Construction Prices: Retrospect and Prospect , 1991 .

[3]  Han-Suck Song,et al.  Quality change and implications for productivity development: Housing construction in Sweden 1990-2010 , 2015 .

[4]  A. Doria Home , 2016, The Jerrie Mock Story.

[5]  Ralph D. Ellis,et al.  Measuring Project Level Productivity on Transportation Projects , 2006 .

[6]  Harri Haapasalo,et al.  Productivity and Performance Management – Managerial Practices in the Construction Industry , 2012 .

[7]  G De Valence,et al.  A review of the theory and measurement techniques of productivity in the construction industry , 2015 .

[8]  Goh Bee Hua,et al.  Total factor productivity growth accounting in the construction industry of Singapore , 2003 .

[9]  Paul Schreyer,et al.  The OECD Productivity Manual: A Guide to the Measurement of Industry-Level and Aggregate Productivity , 2001 .

[10]  S. G. Allen,et al.  Why Construction Industry Productivity is Declining , 1985 .

[11]  Edward J. Jaselskis,et al.  Analysis of Trends in Construction Research: 1985-2002 , 2004 .

[12]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  SCHEDULED OVERTIME AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS , 1997 .

[13]  M. A. Jaswon A Review of the Theory , 1984 .

[14]  Luis F. Alarcón,et al.  Analysis of Factors Influencing Productivity Using Craftsmen Questionnaires: Case Study in a Chilean Construction Company , 2011 .

[15]  Graham Ive,et al.  The compilation methods of building price indices in Britain: a critical review , 2008 .

[16]  Paul M. Goodrum,et al.  U.S. construction labor productivity trends, 1970-1998 , 2000 .

[17]  Fwu‐Shiun Liou,et al.  Work Sampling Can Predict Unit Rate Productivity , 1986 .

[18]  Tanaya Korde,et al.  State-of-the-Art Review of Construction Performance Models and Factors , 2005 .

[19]  Mohamed Abdel-Wahab,et al.  Trends of productivity growth in the construction industry across Europe, US and Japan , 2011 .

[20]  Malcolm Abbott,et al.  A review of productivity analysis of the New Zealand construction industry , 2012 .

[21]  Tong Zhao,et al.  Improved Baseline Method to Calculate Lost Construction Productivity , 2014 .

[22]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  LEARNING CURVE MODELS OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTIVITY , 1986 .

[23]  Paul M. Goodrum,et al.  Construction Craft Workers’ Perceptions of the Factors Affecting Their Productivity , 2009 .

[24]  Anthony Walker,et al.  Project Management in Construction , 1984 .

[25]  Glenn Ballard,et al.  Introducing a New Concept and Approach to Modeling Construction , 1997 .

[26]  J. Kendrick Productivity Trends: Capital and Labor , 1956 .

[27]  Khaled Mahmoud El-Gohary,et al.  Factors Influencing Construction Labor Productivity in Egypt , 2014 .

[28]  M. Skitmore,et al.  Scoring rules and abnormally low bids criteria in construction tenders: a taxonomic review , 2015 .

[29]  Eddy M. Rojas,et al.  Labor Productivity Drivers and Opportunities in the Construction Industry , 2003 .

[30]  You-song Wang,et al.  An analysis of the technical efficiency in Hong Kong's construction industry , 1998 .

[31]  Willie Tan,et al.  Total factor productivity in Singapore construction , 2000 .

[32]  Daniel Forgues,et al.  Measuring the impact of BIM on labor productivity in a small specialty contracting enterprise through action-research , 2015 .

[33]  R. Freeman LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS COMPARISON OF TWO OECD DATABASES PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENTIALS & THE BALASSA-SAMUELSON EFFECT , 2008 .

[34]  A. U.S.,et al.  Measuring the efficiency of decision making units , 2003 .

[35]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  Improving Productivity Estimates by Work Sampling , 1984 .

[36]  Albert P.C. Chan,et al.  Critical Review of Labor Productivity Research in Construction Journals , 2014 .

[37]  Awad S. Hanna,et al.  Impact of Shift Work on Labor Productivity for Labor Intensive Contractor , 2008 .

[38]  Craig Langston,et al.  An Investigation into the Construction Performance of High-Rise Commercial Office Buildings Based on Productivity and Resource Consumption , 2001 .

[39]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  Benchmarking Construction Labor Productivity , 2015 .

[40]  Ahmet Anil Sezer,et al.  The construction productivity debate and the measurement of service qualities , 2014 .

[41]  Jacques Crémer,et al.  Arm's Length Relationships , 1995 .

[42]  Thomas Olofsson,et al.  Construction Productivity Measures for Innovation Projects , 2012 .

[43]  Choon Seong Leem,et al.  Research issues and trends in industrial productivity over 44 years , 2016 .

[44]  Fah Choy Chia,et al.  An analysis of construction productivity in Malaysia , 2012 .

[45]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  Factor Model of Construction Productivity , 1987 .

[46]  S. Mohamed,et al.  FACTORS AFFECTING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN BUILDING PROJECTS IN THE GAZA STRIP , 2007 .

[47]  Stephen R. Thomas,et al.  Benchmarking of Construction Productivity , 2005 .

[48]  A. Walker,et al.  The measurement of total factor productivity of the Hong Kong construction industry , 1988 .

[49]  LeRoy T. Boyer,et al.  Modeling Method-Productivity , 1976 .

[50]  Peter Vogelius,et al.  Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September 2016, Manchester. UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management , 2016 .

[51]  Paul M. Goodrum,et al.  The divergence in aggregate and activity estimates of US construction productivity , 2002 .

[52]  Abdulaziz M. Jarkas,et al.  Revisiting the applicability of learning curve theory to formwork labour productivity , 2011 .

[53]  Robert E. Chapman,et al.  Metrics and Tools for Measuring Construction Productivity: Technical and Empirical Considerations | NIST , 2009 .

[54]  Cameron Allan,et al.  ‘Anomalies’, Damned ‘Anomalies’ and Statistics: Construction Industry Productivity in Australia , 2010 .

[55]  Rick Best Using Purchasing Power Parity to Assess Construction Productivity , 2010 .

[56]  Jasper Mbachu,et al.  On-Site Labour Productivity of New Zealand Construction Industry: Key Constraints and Improvement Measures , 2011 .

[57]  H. Randolph Thomas,et al.  Crew Performance Measurement Via Activity Sampling , 1983 .

[58]  Amir H. Behzadan,et al.  Construction Productivity and Ergonomic Assessment Using Mobile Sensors and Machine Learning , 2017 .

[59]  Paul M. Goodrum,et al.  Assessing the impact of materials tracking technologies on construction craft productivity , 2009 .

[60]  Angelika Foerster Information Systems Analysis Theory And Applications , 2016 .

[61]  Robert M. Sanders THE PARETO PRINCIPLE: ITS USE AND ABUSE , 1987 .

[62]  Martin Loosemore,et al.  Improving construction productivity: a subcontractor's perspective , 2014 .

[63]  Kwong Wing Chau,et al.  Estimating industry-level productivity trends in the building industry from building cost and price data , 1993 .

[64]  R. Malcolm W. Horner,et al.  Modeling Construction Labor Productivity , 1990 .

[65]  H. Pessali,et al.  The rhetoric of Oliver Williamson's transaction cost economics , 2006, Journal of Institutional Economics.

[66]  D. Cabrera,et al.  Systems thinking. , 2008, Evaluation and program planning.

[67]  Ivica Završki,et al.  Construction baseline productivity: Theory and practice , 1999 .

[68]  K. W. Chau,et al.  Explaining Total Factor Productivity Trend in Building Construction: Empirical Evidence from Hong Kong , 2009 .

[69]  James E. Rowings,et al.  Construction Labor Productivity Modeling with Neural Networks , 1998 .

[70]  Craig Langston,et al.  The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to the Benchmarking of Construction Performance in Australian and American High-Rise Buildings , 2013 .

[71]  David W. Halligan,et al.  Action-Response Model and Loss of Productivity in Construction , 1994 .