An Efficient Inverter Logic in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata for Emerging Nanocircuits

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has been advocated as one of the most propitious nanoelectronic technologies. The fault rates in QCA are very high due to its susceptibility to cell deposition defects. Also, the power requirements of QCA are getting more critical to avoid either over-design for power rails or unreliability under high-performance stress. Among the different primitive logic structure of QCA, the inverter is keyed out to enable more reliable as well as low-power design. This work proposes a novel approach to generate stimulus for low-power dissipation in QCA logic primitives (inverter) in order to obtain worst-case power scenarios. Hybridizing rotated and non-rotated QCA cell together with a new low-power inverter tile structure in QCA is proposed. Further, the functional characterization of the proposed inverter tile is investigated. Kink energy estimation, as well as simulation results, is considered for verifying the circuit layout and functionality. Moreover, a composable logic block is synthesized that realizes triple fanout (with two inverted output). The reliability of these logic primitives is also extended by implementing full adder and XOR circuit.

[1]  Bibhash Sen,et al.  Efficient design of fault tolerant tiles in QCA , 2014, 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON).

[2]  A. Orailoglu,et al.  Fault tolerant quantum cellular array (QCA) design using triple modular redundancy with shifted operands , 2005, Proceedings of the ASP-DAC 2005. Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, 2005..

[3]  C. Lent,et al.  Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata , 2003 .

[4]  C.S. Lent,et al.  Fanout in quantum dot cellular automata , 2005, 63rd Device Research Conference Digest, 2005. DRC '05..

[5]  N. Ranganathan,et al.  Design of Testable Reversible Sequential Circuits , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[6]  P. D. Tougaw,et al.  A device architecture for computing with quantum dots , 1997, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  Mohammad A. Tehrani,et al.  Novel fault tolerant QCA circuits , 2014, 2014 22nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE).

[8]  Mary Jean Beard,et al.  DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF FAULT-TOLERANT QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA (QCA) NOT GATES , 2006 .

[9]  F. Lombardi,et al.  Testing of quantum cellular automata , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[10]  Xiaojun Ma,et al.  Fault Tolerant Schemes for QCA Systems , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance of VLSI Systems.

[11]  B.K. Sikdar,et al.  A study on defect tolerance of tiles implementing universal gate functions , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Design & Technology of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Era.

[12]  Debasis Mitra,et al.  Design of a practical fault-tolerant adder in QCA , 2016, Microelectron. J..

[13]  P. D. Tougaw,et al.  Logical devices implemented using quantum cellular automata , 1994 .

[14]  Amir Fijany,et al.  New Design for Quantum Dots Cellular Automata to obtain Fault Tolerant Logic Gates , 2001 .

[15]  S. Bhanja,et al.  Estimation of Upper Bound of Power Dissipation in QCA Circuits , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[16]  S. Bhanja,et al.  Error-Power Tradeoffs in QCA Design , 2008, 2008 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology.

[17]  Vassil S. Dimitrov,et al.  RAM Design Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata , 2003 .

[18]  Xin Cheng,et al.  The Implementation of I/O Interface in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata , 2018 .

[19]  Fabrizio Lombardi,et al.  QCA memory with parallel read/serial write: design and analysis , 2006 .

[20]  Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis,et al.  Programmable Crossbar Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Circuits , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[21]  Angshuman Khan,et al.  Novel Design of High Polarized Inverter Using Minimum Number of Rotated Cells and Related Kink Energy Calculation in Quantum dot Cellular Automata , 2013 .

[22]  Rudy Lauwereins,et al.  Inverter Propagation and Fan-Out Constraints for Beyond-CMOS Majority-Based Technologies , 2017, 2017 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI).

[23]  Keivan Navi,et al.  Novel Design for Quantum Dots Cellular Automata to Obtain Fault-Tolerant Majority Gate , 2012 .

[24]  Jing Huang,et al.  Defect Tolerance of QCA Tiles , 2006, Proceedings of the Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference.

[25]  Razieh Farazkish.  A new quantum-dot cellular automata fault-tolerant five-input majority gate , 2014, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[26]  Yongqiang Zhang,et al.  The Fundamental Primitives with Fault-Tolerance in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata , 2018, J. Electron. Test..

[27]  Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan,et al.  Innovative model for ternary QCA gates , 2018, IET Circuits Devices Syst..

[28]  Mohammad Amin Amiri,et al.  Space radiation effects in quantum inverter gate , 2011, 2011 International Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research.

[29]  C. Lent,et al.  Clocking of molecular quantum-dot cellular automata , 2001 .

[30]  T.J. Dysart,et al.  > Replace This Line with Your Paper Identification Number (double-click Here to Edit) < 1 , 2001 .

[31]  Massoud Pedram,et al.  Architectures for silicon nanoelectronics and beyond , 2007, Computer.

[32]  Ramesh Karri,et al.  The Robust QCA Adder Designs Using Composable QCA Building Blocks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[33]  Michael T. Niemier,et al.  Fabricatable Interconnect and Molecular QCA Circuits , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[34]  G. Tóth.  Correlation and coherence in quantum-dot cellular automata , 2000 .

[35]  Wolfgang Porod,et al.  Quantum cellular automata , 1994 .

[36]  Fabrizio Lombardi,et al.  Modeling QCA defects at molecular-level in combinational circuits , 2005, 20th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (DFT'05).