Condylar Changes after Maxillary Expansion in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate—A Three-Dimensional Retrospective Study

Background: The presence of posterior crossbite can trigger aesthetic and functional changes as mandibular asymmetry in individuals, contributing to asymmetrical muscle function. Mandibular asymmetry and respective condyle adaptation may be an etiological factor in temporomandibular disorder. This study aims to evaluate the effects of maxillary expansion on the position and angulation of the condyles as well as the intercondylar distance in children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Twenty-five individuals with cleft lip and palate who underwent maxillary expansion were selected. Condylar changes were evaluated by cone beam computed tomography using the Pullinger and Hollender formula. To determine the statistically significant differences between the variables, the Student t-test and the Benjamini–Hochberg correction method for multiple comparisons were used. Results: No statistically significant differences between angulation and condylar position before and after maxillary expansion were found. The intercondylar distance tended to increase in growing individuals with cleft lip and palate after maxillary expansion. Conclusions: Intercondylar distance shows a tendency to increase after expansion regardless of the cleft phenotype. No differences were found in angulation and condylar position with the changes in occlusion resulting from maxillary expansion.

[1]  F. Caramelo,et al.  Parental Risk Factors and Child Birth Data in a Matched Year and Sex Group Cleft Population: A Case-Control Study , 2021, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[2]  R. Fastuca,et al.  Condylar Changes in Children with Posterior Crossbite after Maxillary Expansion: Tridimensional Evaluation , 2021, Children.

[3]  H. Singh,et al.  Cleft of lip and palate: A review , 2020, Journal of family medicine and primary care.

[4]  F. Uribe,et al.  Orthodontics for Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Deformities. , 2020, Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America.

[5]  G. Sleilaty,et al.  Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Condyle-fossa Relationship in Growing Patients. , 2018, The journal of contemporary dental practice.

[6]  F. Caramelo,et al.  Condylar response to large mandibular advancement combined with maxillary impaction and counterclockwise rotation: A computed tomographic study , 2018, Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry.

[7]  M. Fayed,et al.  Positional and dimensional temporomandibular joint changes after correction of posterior crossbite in growing patients: A systematic review. , 2018, The Angle orthodontist.

[8]  S. Shahidi,et al.  Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Mandibular Asymmetry in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate , 2018, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

[9]  C. Malic,et al.  Post-operative outcomes after cleft palate repair in syndromic and non-syndromic children: a systematic review protocol , 2017, Systematic Reviews.

[10]  D. Garib,et al.  Slow versus rapid maxillary expansion in bilateral cleft lip and palate: a CBCT randomized clinical trial , 2017, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[11]  S. Buyuk,et al.  Evaluation of temporomandibular fossa and mandibular condyle in adolescent patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography. , 2016, Scanning.

[12]  S. Buyuk,et al.  Evaluation of the mandibular volume and correlating variables in patients affected by unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: a cone-beam computed tomography study , 2015, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[13]  Jing Hu,et al.  A comparative cephalometric study for adult operated cleft palate and unoperated cleft palate patients. , 2015, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[14]  Z. A. Naqvi,et al.  Effect of cleft lip palate repair on craniofacial growth , 2015, Journal of orthodontic science.

[15]  S. Buyuk,et al.  Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography. , 2013, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[16]  M. Marazita,et al.  Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate , 2013, American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics.

[17]  K. Fu,et al.  Short- and long-term changes of condylar position after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular advancement in combination with Le Fort I osteotomy evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. , 2013, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[18]  Clinical recommendations regarding use of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics. [corrected]. Position statement by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. , 2013, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology.

[19]  Y. Chai,et al.  Roles of BMP signaling pathway in lip and palate development. , 2012, Frontiers of oral biology.

[20]  E. Barbato,et al.  Condyle fossa relationship associated with functional posterior crossbite, before and after rapid maxillary expansion. , 2012, The Angle orthodontist.

[21]  R. T. Lie,et al.  Maternal Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Metabolism Genes, and the Risk of Oral Clefts: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Norway, 1996–2001 , 2011 .

[22]  R. T. Lie,et al.  Maternal alcohol consumption, alcohol metabolism genes, and the risk of oral clefts: a population-based case-control study in Norway, 1996-2001. , 2010, American journal of epidemiology.

[23]  P. O'higgins,et al.  Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics applied to the study of children with cleft lip and/or palate from the North East of England. , 2010, European journal of orthodontics.

[24]  G. Danesh,et al.  Analysis of Condylar Differences in Functional Unilateral Posterior Crossbite during Early Treatment – a Randomized Clinical Study , 2008, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie.

[25]  J. Clayton-Smith,et al.  Folate and Clefts of the Lip and Palate—A U.K.-Based Case-Control Study: Part II: Biochemical and Genetic Analysis , 2008, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

[26]  H. Oktay,et al.  Condylar asymmetry in unilateral posterior crossbite patients. , 2008, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[27]  M. C. Raadsheer,et al.  Ultrasonographic thickness of the masseter muscle in growing individuals with unilateral crossbite. , 2007, The Angle orthodontist.

[28]  C. Holberg,et al.  Biomechanical analysis of maxillary expansion in CLP patients. , 2007, The Angle orthodontist.

[29]  C. Malevez,et al.  Embryology and epidemiology of cleft lip and palate. , 2006, B-ENT.

[30]  G. Shaw,et al.  Periconceptional multivitamin intake during early pregnancy, genetic variation of acetyl-N-transferase 1 (NAT1), and risk for orofacial clefts. , 2004, Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology.

[31]  Ulf Olsson,et al.  A Measure of Agreement for Interval or Nominal Multivariate Observations by Different Sets of Judges , 2004 .

[32]  U. Bite,et al.  Fistula Formation and Repair after Palatal Closure: An Institutional Perspective , 1997, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.