Open innovation: past, present and future trends

The purpose of this paper is to provide interested parties with the means of grasping how the literature on open innovation has evolved over the course of time. In this way, the authors furthermore contribute towards a better understanding, scaling and positioning of this field of research.,This study applies a combination of bibliometric techniques, such as citations, co-citations and social network analysis in order to map the scientific domain of open innovation. Currently, bibliometric analysis represents a methodology in effect on a global scale to evaluate the existing state of fields of research (Mutschke et al., 2011). This spans the application of quantitative and statistical analysis to publications such as articles and their respective citations and serving to evaluate the performance of research through returning data on all of the activities ongoing in a scientific field with summaries of these data generating a broad perspective on the research activities and impacts, especially as regards the researchers, journals, countries and universities (Hawkins, 1977; Osareh, 1996; Thomsom Reuters, 2008).,This research aims to map and analyse the intellectual knowledge held on open innovation. To this end, the authors carried out a bibliometric study with recourse to co-citations. Based on cluster and factorial analyses, it is possible identify and classify the several theoretical perspectives on open innovation across six areas: open innovation concept, open innovation and networks, open innovation and knowledge, open Innovation, and innovation spillovers, open innovation management and open innovation and technology.,This paper aims to map and analyse the intellectual knowledge held on open innovation.

[1]  Tim Minshall,et al.  Understanding the Human Side of Openness: The Fit between Open Innovation Modes and CEO Characteristics , 2017 .

[2]  Ann Majchrzak,et al.  Towards an Information Systems Perspective and Research Agenda on Crowdsourcing for Innovation , 2013, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[3]  Bart Clarysse,et al.  Building absorptive capacity to organise inbound open innovation in traditional industries , 2010 .

[4]  J. Overhage,et al.  Advancing the Science for Active Surveillance: Rationale and Design for the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership , 2010, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[5]  B. Wernerfelt,et al.  A Resource-Based View of the Firm , 1984 .

[6]  J. Bessant,et al.  Finding, Forming, and Performing: Creating Networks for Discontinuous Innovation , 2007 .

[7]  K. R. Harrigan,et al.  Mapping research on strategic alliances and innovation: a co-citation analysis , 2012 .

[8]  V. Chiesa,et al.  Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis , 2011 .

[9]  M. Dodgson,et al.  The Role of Technology in the Shift Towards Open Innovation: The Case of Procter & Gamble , 2006 .

[10]  Kuang-Peng Hung,et al.  Exploring Open Search Strategies and Perceived Innovation Performance from the Perspective of Inter-Organizational Knowledge Flows , 2010 .

[11]  Roger R. Stough,et al.  Strategic management of places and policy , 2003 .

[12]  H. Chesbrough,et al.  Innovating Business Models with Co-Development Partnerships , 2007 .

[13]  K. Hatten,et al.  Further evidence on the validity of the self typing paragraph approach: Miles and snow strategic , 1995 .

[14]  Ulrich Lichtenthaler,et al.  Outbound Open Innovation and its Effect on Firm Performance: Examining Environmental Influences , 2009 .

[15]  T. Koc,et al.  Factors impacting the innovative capacity in large-scale companies , 2007 .

[16]  J. West,et al.  Open Innovation: The Next Decade , 2014 .

[17]  J. Barney.  Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[18]  Dominik Walcher,et al.  Toolkits for Idea Competitions: A Novel Method to Integrate Users in New Product Development , 2006 .

[19]  Todd R. Zenger,et al.  Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice , 2014 .

[20]  J. Füller,et al.  Brand Community Members as a Source of Innovation , 2008 .

[21]  H. Chesbrough,et al.  Beyond High Tech: Early Adopters of Open Innovation in Other Industries , 2006 .

[22]  Parminder Singh Sahota,et al.  Organizational culture as a knowledge repository for increased innovative capacity , 2004 .

[23]  Stephan Billinger,et al.  Special Issue: Organizational Design: Designing the Boundaries of the Firm: From "Make, Buy, or Ally" to the Dynamic Benefits of Vertical Architecture , 2006, Organ. Sci..

[24]  Donald T. Hawkins,et al.  Unconventional uses of on-line information retrieval systems: On-line bibliometric studies , 1977, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[25]  I. Chaston,et al.  Entrepreneurship and open innovation in an emerging economy , 2012 .

[26]  Dirk Voelkel,et al.  Managing Open Innovation in Biotechnology , 2006 .

[27]  S. Walsh,et al.  Managing knowledge assets under conditions of radical change: The case of the pharmaceutical industry , 2011 .

[28]  J. Henkel.  Selective revealing in open innovation processes: the case of embedded Linux (gekürzte Version) , 2006 .

[29]  E. Huizingh.  Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives , 2011 .

[30]  Claudia Bird Schoonhoven,et al.  Community, Population, and Organization Effects on Innovation: A Multilevel Perspective , 1996 .

[31]  K. Fichter.  Innovation Communities: The Role of Networks of Promotors in Open Innovation , 2009 .

[32]  Yu Dan,et al.  A reflective review of disruptive innovation theory , 2008, PICMET '08 - 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology.

[33]  Carliss Y. Baldwin,et al.  Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation , 2010, Organ. Sci..

[34]  V. Chiesa,et al.  The Open Innovation Journey: How firms dynamically implement the emerging innovation management paradigm , 2011 .

[35]  Johann Füller,et al.  Avatar-based innovation: Using virtual worlds for real-world innovation , 2009 .

[36]  W. Vanhaverbeke,et al.  Open innovation practices in SMEs and large enterprises , 2011 .

[37]  Ahn-Sook Hwang,et al.  Integrating Technology, Marketing and Management Innovation , 2004 .

[38]  W. Mitchell,et al.  The effect of introducing important incremental innovations on market share and business survival , 1995 .

[39]  D. Gann,et al.  How open is innovation , 2010 .

[40]  Anne L. J. Ter Wal,et al.  Coping with Open Innovation: Responding to the Challenges of External Engagement in R&D , 2014 .

[41]  E. Hippel,et al.  Free revealing and the private-collective model for innovation incentives , 2006 .

[42]  Jin Chen,et al.  The influence of scope, depth, and orientation of external technology sources on the innovative performance of Chinese firms , 2011 .

[43]  D. Gann,et al.  One Foot in, One Foot Out: How Does Individuals’ External Search Breadth Affect Innovation Outcomes? , 2016 .

[44]  Ammon Salter,et al.  Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing of Knowledge and Its Implications for Innovative Activity , 2012 .

[45]  H. Ernst,et al.  Opening Up the Innovation Process: The Role of Technology Aggressiveness , 2009 .

[46]  Ulrich Lichtenthaler,et al.  The Drivers of Technology Licensing: An Industry Comparison , 2007 .

[47]  H. Krcmar,et al.  Community Engineering for Innovations: The Ideas Competition as a Method to Nurture a Virtual Community for Innovations , 2009 .

[48]  G. Duysters,et al.  Networking as a Means to Strategy Change: The Case of Open Innovation in Mobile Telephony , 2007 .

[49]  M. Bogers,et al.  The 'Human Side' of Open Innovation: The Role of Employee Diversity in Firm-Level Openness , 2017 .

[50]  O. Gassmann,et al.  Creative Imitation: Exploring the Case of Cross-Industry Innovation , 2010 .

[51]  H. Chesbrough.  Open Innovation: Where We've Been and Where We're Going , 2012 .

[52]  Raphael Amit,et al.  The Dynamics of Innovative Activity and Competitive Advantage: The Case of Australian Retail Banking, 1981 to 1995 , 2003, Organ. Sci..

[53]  Dan Yu,et al.  A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory , 2010 .

[54]  H. Chesbrough.  The Era of Open Innovation , 2003 .

[55]  Chiara Franzoni,et al.  Crowd Science: The Organization of Scientific Research in Open Collaborative Projects , 2014 .

[56]  Ann Majchrzak,et al.  Knowledge Collaboration in Online Communities , 2011, Organ. Sci..

[57]  G. Hult,et al.  Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination , 1998 .

[58]  T. Minshall,et al.  How do large multinational companies implement open innovation , 2011 .

[59]  Giselle Rampersad,et al.  Managing innovation networks: Exploratory evidence from ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnology networks , 2010 .

[60]  Onno S. W. F. Omta,et al.  Identification of Competencies for Professionals in Open Innovation Teams , 2010 .

[61]  York Sure-Vetter,et al.  Science models as value-added services for scholarly information systems , 2011, Scientometrics.

[62]  H. Chesbrough.  Managing Open Innovation , 2004 .

[63]  Luca Berchicci,et al.  Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance , 2013 .

[64]  Oliver Gassmann,et al.  Broadening the scope of open innovation: past research, current state and future directions , 2010, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[65]  H. Chesbrough,et al.  Open Innovation and Strategy , 2007 .

[66]  O. Gassmann,et al.  Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon , 2009 .

[67]  Joel West,et al.  The Role of Participation Architecture in Growing Sponsored Open Source Communities , 2008 .

[68]  J. Füller,et al.  Why Co‐Creation Experience Matters? Creative Experience and its Impact on the Quantity and Quality of Creative Contributions , 2011 .

[69]  Kevin J. Boudreau,et al.  Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom? An Early Look at Large Numbers of Software 'Apps' Developers and Patterns of Innovation , 2011, Organ. Sci..

[70]  Sungjoon Lee,et al.  Open innovation in SMEs—An intermediated network model , 2010 .

[71]  Sang M. Lee,et al.  Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries , 2012 .

[72]  O. Gassmann,et al.  The Future of Open Innovation , 2010 .

[73]  Stephen Roper,et al.  Openness, knowledge, innovation and growth in UK business services , 2011 .

[74]  Yan-Ru Li,et al.  The technological roadmap of Cisco's business ecosystem , 2009 .

[75]  F. Frattini,et al.  Enabling Open Innovation in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: How to Find Alternative Applications for Your Technologies , 2010 .

[76]  Marcus M. Keupp,et al.  Determinants and Archetype Users of Open Innovation , 2009 .

[77]  Robert G. Cooper,et al.  Perspective: The Stage‐Gate® Idea‐to‐Launch Process—Update, What's New, and NexGen Systems* , 2008 .

[78]  P. Cooke.  Regionally asymmetric knowledge capabilities and open innovation: Exploring 'Globalisation 2'--A new model of industry organisation , 2005 .

[79]  M. Bogers,et al.  Explicating Open Innovation: Clarifying an Emerging Paradigm for Understanding Innovation , 2014 .

[80]  Len Jessup,et al.  How Open Innovation Affects the Drivers of Competitive Advantage , 2012 .

[81]  D. Doloreux,et al.  On the dynamics of innovation in Quebec's coastal maritime industry , 2008 .

[82]  Jin-Li Hu,et al.  The more interactive, the more innovative? A case study of South Korean cellular phone manufacturers , 2008 .

[83]  Stella Y. Hua,et al.  Product Change Intensity, Product Advantage, and Market Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the PC Industry , 2006 .

[84]  U. Lichtenthaler.  OpenInnovation:rentDebates,andFutureDirections , 2011 .

[85]  FARIDEH OSAREH,et al.  Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis and Co-Citation Analysis: A Review of Literature I , 1996, Libri.

[86]  A. Salter,et al.  Open for ideation: individual-level openness and idea generation in R&D contexts , 2015 .

[87]  Pierre Berthon,et al.  Brand Management in Small to Medium‐Sized Enterprises* , 2008 .

[88]  Ulrich Lichtenthaler,et al.  Open Innovation in Practice: An Analysis of Strategic Approaches to Technology Transactions , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[89]  Dap Hartmann,et al.  Connecting Technological Capabilities with Market Needs Using a Cyclic Innovation Model , 2010 .

[90]  Karim R. Lakhani,et al.  Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search , 2010, Organ. Sci..

[91]  Martin W. Wallin,et al.  Organizing for Open Innovation:: Focus on the Integration of Knowledge , 2010 .

[92]  Kurt Matzler,et al.  Communitition: The Tension between Competition and Collaboration in Community-Based Design Contests , 2011 .

[93]  Ramon Casadesus-Masanell,et al.  Open Versus Closed Innovation: A Model of Discovery and Divergence , 2010 .

[94]  Anne-Laure Mention,et al.  Co-operation and co-opetition as open innovation practices in the service sector: Which influence on innovation novelty? , 2011 .

[95]  J. West,et al.  Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open-Source Software , 2006 .

[96]  Martin Natter,et al.  Understanding a firm's openness decisions in innovation , 2012 .

[97]  Bruce Tether,et al.  Beyond industry–university links: Sourcing knowledge for innovation from consultants, private research organisations and the public science-base , 2008 .

[98]  Ammon Salter,et al.  Does IP strategy have to cripple open innovation , 2009 .

[99]  Jan Henrik Sieg,et al.  Managerial Challenges in Open Innovation: A Study of Innovation Intermediation in the Chemical Industry , 2010 .

[100]  Cheng-Feng Cheng,et al.  Exploring the impact of innovation strategy on R&D employees’ job satisfaction: A mathematical model and empirical research , 2010 .

[101]  D. Sjödin,et al.  Open Innovation and the Stage-Gate Process: A Revised Model for New Product Development , 2010 .

[102]  Paul Israel,et al.  The Sources of Innovation , 1990 .

[103]  H. Ernst,et al.  External Technology Commercialization in Large Firms: Results of a Quantitative Benchmarking Study , 2007 .

[104]  Alfonso Mendoza,et al.  Fueling Open-Source Drug Discovery: 177 Small-Molecule Leads against Tuberculosis , 2013, ChemMedChem.

[105]  V. Chiesa,et al.  Unravelling the Process from Closed to Open Innovation: Evidence from Mature, Asset-Intensive Industries , 2010 .

[106]  Katherine W. McCain,et al.  Visualizing a discipline: an author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972–1995 , 1998 .

[107]  K. Rost.  The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation , 2011 .

[108]  Paul Michael Di Gangi,et al.  Steal my idea! Organizational adoption of user innovations from a user innovation community: A case study of Dell IdeaStorm , 2009, Decis. Support Syst..

[109]  U. Lichtenthaler,et al.  A Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation: Complementing Absorptive Capacity , 2009 .

[110]  Jens Frøslev Christensen,et al.  The industrial dynamics of Open Innovation—Evidence from the transformation of consumer electronics , 2005 .

[111]  H. Gemünden,et al.  Opening Up for Competitive Advantage – How Deutsche Telekom Creates an Open Innovation Ecosystem , 2009 .

[112]  William Keogh,et al.  Managing Innovation991Joe Tidd, John Bessant, Keith Pavitt. Managing Innovation. Chichester: Wiley 1997. , 1999 .

[113]  Robert Kirschbaum,et al.  Open Innovation In Practice , 2005 .

[114]  Matej Černe,et al.  The Impact of Leadership Influence Tactics and Employee Openness Toward Others on Innovation Performance , 2019 .

[115]  S. Sedita,et al.  Learning at the boundaries in an "Open Regional Innovation System": A focus on firms' innovation strategies in the Emilia Romagna life science industry , 2010 .

[116]  Jong de Jpj,et al.  Open innovation in SMEs : trends, motives and management challenges , 2009 .

[117]  Subodh P. Kulkarni,et al.  Winning through Innovation: A Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal , 1998 .

[118]  Ulrich Lichtenthaler,et al.  Attitudes to Externally Organising Knowledge Management Tasks: A Review, Reconsideration and Extension of the NIH Syndrome , 2006 .

[119]  A. Molina,et al.  Collaborative networked organisations and customer communities: value co-creation and co-innovation in the networking era , 2011 .

[120]  A. Salter,et al.  The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration , 2014 .

[121]  Sebastian Spaeth,et al.  How constraints and knowledge impact open innovation , 2013 .

[122]  A. Albers,et al.  Open Innovation in the Automotive Industry , 2010 .

[123]  V. Parida,et al.  Inbound Open Innovation Activities in High‐Tech SMEs: The Impact on Innovation Performance , 2012 .

[124]  Paulo Carlos Kaminski,et al.  Knowledge transfer in product development processes: A case study in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of the metal-mechanic sector from São Paulo, Brazil , 2008 .

[125]  Michael E. Porter,et al.  Innovation: Location Matters , 2001 .

[126]  Georg von Krogh,et al.  How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda , 2012, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[127]  G. Duysters,et al.  The technological origins of radical inventions , 2010 .

[128]  Kalevi Kyläheiko,et al.  The Janus face of the appropriability regime in the protection of innovations: Theoretical re-appraisal and empirical analysis , 2007 .

[129]  H. Chesbrough.  Why Companies Should Have Open Business Models , 2007 .

[130]  Henry Chesbrough,et al.  The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing Intellectual Property , 2003 .

[131]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  Leveraging Crowdsourcing: Activation-Supporting Components for IT-Based Ideas Competition , 2009, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[132]  Vangelis Souitaris,et al.  Technological trajectories as moderators of firm-level determinants of innovation , 2002 .

[133]  Michel Zitt,et al.  Development of a method for detection and trend analysis of research fronts built by lexical or cocitation analysis , 1994, Scientometrics.

[134]  Henry G. Small,et al.  Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents , 1973, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[135]  Yi Xu,et al.  Innovation Contests, Open Innovation, and Multiagent Problem Solving , 2008, Manag. Sci..

[136]  Bart Van Looy,et al.  Technology Alliance Portfolios and Financial Performance: Value-Enhancing and Cost-Increasing Effects of Open Innovation* , 2010 .