Four new species of hangingflies (Insecta, Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China

Abstract Two new species of Mongolbittacus Petrulevičius, Huang & Ren, 2007, Mongolbittacus speciosus sp. n. and Mongolbittacus oligophlebius sp. n., and two new species of Exilibittacus Yang, Ren & Shih, 2012, Exilibittacus foliaceus sp. n. and Exilibittacus plagioneurus sp. n., in the family Bittacidae, are described and illustrated based on five well-preserved fossil specimens. These specimens were collected from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. These new findings enhance our understanding of the morphological characters of early hangingflies and highlight the diversity of bittacids in the Mid Mesozoic ecosystems.

[1]  Mei Wang,et al.  Two New Fossil Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae, Xyelinae) from the Middle Jurassic of China , 2014 .

[2]  D. Ren,et al.  A New Fossil Hangingfly (Mecoptera: Cimbrophlebiidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China , 2014 .

[3]  D. Ren,et al.  Two new species of Nevania (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae: Nevaniinae) from the Middle Jurassic of China , 2014 .

[4]  D. Davis,et al.  New Fossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Amphiesmenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Northeastern China , 2013, PloS one.

[5]  D. Ren,et al.  New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China , 2012 .

[6]  C. Labandeira,et al.  Jurassic mimicry between a hangingfly and a ginkgo from China , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  D. Ren,et al.  Two new species of Ptychopteridae and Trichoceridae from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) , 2012 .

[8]  D. Ren,et al.  New Middle Jurassic hangingflies (Insecta: Mecoptera) from Inner Mongolia, China , 2012 .

[9]  Shuo Wang,et al.  Mid-Mesozoic Flea-like Ectoparasites of Feathered or Haired Vertebrates , 2012, Current Biology.

[10]  D. Ren,et al.  Morphology, Phylogeny, Evolution, and Dispersal of Pelecinid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) Over 165 Million Years , 2010 .

[11]  M. Engel,et al.  Ancient pinnate leaf mimesis among lacewings , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[12]  C. Labandeira,et al.  A Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies , 2009, Science.

[13]  S. B. Archibald.  New Cimbrophlebiidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Early Eocene at McAbee, British Columbia, Canada and Republic, Washington, USA , 2009 .

[14]  L. Yan.  MIDDLE JURASSIC BITTACIDAE (INSECTA, MECOPTERA) FROM DAOHUGOU, INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA , 2009 .

[15]  R. Dong.  History and Development of Researches on Bittacidae(Insecta:Mecoptera) , 2009 .

[16]  D. Ren,et al.  Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China , 2008 .

[17]  W. Krzemiński.  A revision of Eocene Bittacidae (Mecoptera) from Baltic amber, with the description of a new species , 2007 .

[18]  The first fossil hanging flies ( Insecta : Mecoptera : Raptipedia : Cimbrophlebiidae and Bittacidae ) from the limestones of Solnhofen and Nusplingen ( Upper Jurassic , Germany ) , 2006 .

[19]  D. Ren,et al.  A new hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China , 2007 .

[20]  Z. Zhijun.  Discovery of fossil insects in the Tuodian Formation,central Yunnan , 2003 .

[21]  K. Gao,et al.  Stratigraphic division of the Jurassic in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia , 2002 .

[22]  J. Ansorge.  Parabittacus analis Handlirsch 1939 undParabittacus lingula (Bode 1953), Neorthophlebiiden (Insecta: Mecoptera) aus dem Oberen Lias von Deutschland , 1993 .

[23]  E. Riek.  Fossil insects from the Triassic beds at Mt. Crosby, Queensland. , 1955 .

[24]  R. Tillyard.  The panorpoid complex in the British rhætic and lias , 1933 .

[25]  A. Handlirsch.  Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen : ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen , 2022 .