Cache Transition Systems for Graph Parsing

Motivated by the task of semantic parsing, we describe a transition system that generalizes standard transition-based dependency parsing techniques to generate a graph rather than a tree. Our system includes a cache with fixed size m, and we characterize the relationship between the parameter m and the class of graphs that can be produced through the graph-theoretic concept of tree decomposition. We find empirically that small cache sizes cover a high percentage of sentences in existing semantic corpora.

[1]  Michael A. Covington,et al.  A Fundamental Algorithm for Dependency Parsing , 2004 .

[2]  Jacob Andreas,et al.  Semantics-Based Machine Translation with Hyperedge Replacement Grammars , 2012, COLING.

[3]  Dan Flickinger,et al.  Minimal Recursion Semantics: An Introduction , 2005 .

[4]  Yusuke Miyao,et al.  SemEval 2015 Task 18: Broad-Coverage Semantic Dependency Parsing , 2015, *SEMEVAL.

[5]  Eugene Charniak,et al.  Statistical language learning , 1997 .

[6]  Yusuke Miyao,et al.  From Linguistic Theory to Syntactic Analysis : Corpus-Oriented Grammar Development and Feature Forest Model , 2006 .

[7]  Daniel Gildea,et al.  The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles , 2005, CL.

[8]  Detlef Seese,et al.  Easy Problems for Tree-Decomposable Graphs , 1991, J. Algorithms.

[9]  Derek G. Corneil,et al.  Complexity of finding embeddings in a k -tree , 1987 .

[10]  Mark Johnson,et al.  Modeling Graph Languages with Grammars Extracted via Tree Decompositions , 2013, FSMNLP.

[11]  Marie Mikulová,et al.  Announcing Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0 , 2012, LREC.

[12]  Yang Gao,et al.  Aligning English Strings with Abstract Meaning Representation Graphs , 2014, EMNLP.

[13]  Hans L. Bodlaender A linear time algorithm for finding tree-decompositions of small treewidth , 1993, STOC '93.

[14]  Hans L. Bodlaender,et al.  Treewidth: Characterizations, Applications, and Computations , 2006, WG.

[15]  Philipp Koehn,et al.  Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking , 2013, LAW@ACL.

[16]  Jun'ichi Tsujii,et al.  Shift-Reduce Dependency DAG Parsing , 2008, COLING.

[17]  Aravind K. Joshi,et al.  Tree-Adjoining Grammars , 1997, Handbook of Formal Languages.

[18]  Xiaochang Peng,et al.  A Synchronous Hyperedge Replacement Grammar based approach for AMR parsing , 2015, CoNLL.

[19]  Kenji Sagae,et al.  Dynamic Programming for Linear-Time Incremental Parsing , 2010, ACL.

[20]  Weiwei Sun,et al.  Peking: Profiling Syntactic Tree Parsing Techniques for Semantic Graph Parsing , 2014, SemEval@COLING.

[21]  Giorgio Satta,et al.  Dynamic Programming Algorithms for Transition-Based Dependency Parsers , 2011, ACL.

[22]  Hans Uszkoreit,et al.  AMR Parsing with an Incremental Joint Model , 2016, EMNLP.

[23]  Andrew McCallum,et al.  Transition-based Dependency Parsing with Selectional Branching , 2013, ACL.

[24]  Ivan Titov,et al.  Online graph planarisation for synchronous parsing of semantic and syntactic dependencies , 2009, IJCAI 2009.

[25]  Giorgio Satta,et al.  A Tabular Method for Dynamic Oracles in Transition-Based Parsing , 2014, TACL.

[26]  Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie,et al.  Because Syntax Does Matter: Improving Predicate-Argument Structures Parsing with Syntactic Features , 2015, NAACL.

[27]  Chuan Wang,et al.  A Transition-based Algorithm for AMR Parsing , 2015, NAACL.

[28]  Ivan Titov,et al.  Multilingual Joint Parsing of Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies with a Latent Variable Model , 2013, CL.

[29]  Bruno Courcelle,et al.  The Monadic Second-Order Logic of Graphs VIII: Orientations , 1995, Ann. Pure Appl. Log..

[30]  Stephan Oepen,et al.  Towards a Catalogue of Linguistic Graph Banks , 2016, Computational Linguistics.

[31]  Emily Pitler,et al.  A Linear-Time Transition System for Crossing Interval Trees , 2015, NAACL.

[32]  Giorgio Satta,et al.  An Incremental Parser for Abstract Meaning Representation , 2016, EACL.

[33]  Stephan Oepen,et al.  Broad-Coverage Semantic Dependency Parsing , 2014 .

[34]  Joakim Nivre,et al.  Algorithms for Deterministic Incremental Dependency Parsing , 2008, CL.

[35]  Dan Flickinger,et al.  On building a more effcient grammar by exploiting types , 2000, Natural Language Engineering.

[36]  Stephan Oepen,et al.  SemEval 2014 Task 8: Broad-Coverage Semantic Dependency Parsing , 2014, *SEMEVAL.

[37]  Joakim Nivre,et al.  Non-Projective Dependency Parsing in Expected Linear Time , 2009, ACL.

[38]  Bruno Courcelle,et al.  The Monadic Second-Order Logic of Graphs. I. Recognizable Sets of Finite Graphs , 1990, Inf. Comput..

[39]  Giuseppe Attardi,et al.  Experiments with a Multilanguage Non-Projective Dependency Parser , 2006, CoNLL.

[40]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  A Discriminative Graph-Based Parser for the Abstract Meaning Representation , 2014, ACL.

[41]  Jonathan May SemEval-2016 Task 8: Meaning Representation Parsing , 2016, SemEval@NAACL-HLT.

[42]  Annegret Habel,et al.  Hyperedge Replacement, Graph Grammars , 1997, Handbook of Graph Grammars.

[43]  Joakim Nivre,et al.  Divisible Transition Systems and Multiplanar Dependency Parsing , 2013, CL.