Rapid downward transport of the neurotoxin domoic acid in coastal waters.

The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia produces the neurotoxin domoic acid, known to cause illness and death in marine mammals and humans. Measurements of surface- and deep-water domoic acid concentrations off the coast of California suggest that this toxin is rapidly transported to depth following diatom blooms.

[1]  W. Gerwick,et al.  Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from the seas , 2008 .

[2]  M. J. Botelho,et al.  A potential vector of domoic acid: the swimming crab Polybius henslowii Leach (Decapoda-brachyura). , 2003, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.

[3]  P. Hoagland,et al.  The economic effects of harmful algal blooms in the United States: Estimates, assessment issues, and information needs , 2002 .

[4]  M. Silver,et al.  From sanddabs to blue whales: the pervasiveness of domoic acid. , 2002, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.

[5]  J. Burkholder,et al.  Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences , 2002 .

[6]  P. Vale,et al.  Domoic acid in Portuguese shellfish and fish. , 2001, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.

[7]  J. Ferry,et al.  Adsorption of domoic acid to marine sediments and clays. , 2007, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[8]  J. Ferry,et al.  Role of Fe(III), phosphate, dissolved organic matter, and nitrate during the photodegradation of domoic acid in the marine environment. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  T. Perl,et al.  An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  Quay Dortch,et al.  Sedimentological evidence of an increase in Pseudo‐nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae)abundance in response to coastal eutrophication , 2002 .

[11]  F. Chavez,et al.  Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California , 1992 .

[12]  M. T. Maldonado,et al.  The effect of Fe and Cu on growth and domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and Pseudo‐nitzschia australis , 2002 .

[13]  F. Gulland,et al.  Pathology of Domoic Acid Toxicity in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) , 2005, Veterinary pathology.

[14]  S. Skrabal,et al.  Photodegradation of the algal toxin domoic acid in natural water matrices , 2006 .

[15]  S. Skrabal,et al.  Photochemistry and identification of photodegradation products of the marine toxin domoic acid , 2008 .

[16]  Michael S. Twardowski,et al.  Thin layers and camouflage: hidden Pseudo-nitzschia spp. (Bacillariophyceae) populations in a fjord in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA , 2002 .

[17]  Libe Washburn,et al.  Circulation and environmental conditions during a toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel, California , 2006 .

[18]  G. Smith,et al.  Domoic acid contamination within eight representative species from the benthic food web of Monterey Bay, California, USA , 2008 .

[19]  D. J. Grimes.  Oceans and Human Health: Risks and Remedies from the Sea , 2009, Environmental Health Perspectives.

[20]  Stephen B. Weisberg,et al.  Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the San Pedro Channel and Los Angeles harbor areas of the Southern California Bight, 2003-2004 , 2007 .

[21]  A. Alldredge,et al.  Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates , 1989 .

[22]  J. W. Wells,et al.  Interaction of domoic acid and several derivatives with kainic acid and AMPA binding sites in rat brain. , 1992, European journal of pharmacology.

[23]  M. Brzezinski,et al.  Empirical models of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms: Potential use as a remote detection tool in the Santa Barbara Channel , 2009 .

[24]  Roman Marin,et al.  Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom , 2000, Nature.

[25]  M. Silver,et al.  Domoic acid in benthic flatfish on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California, USA , 2007 .

[26]  S. Skrabal,et al.  The role of particles on the biogeochemical cycling of domoic acid and its isomers in natural water matrices , 2007 .

[27]  N. Rabalais,et al.  Abundance and vertical flux of Pseudo-nitzschia in the northern Gulf of Mexico , 1997 .

[28]  Frank E. Muller-Karger,et al.  Particulate organic carbon fluxes along upwelling‐dominated continental margins: Rates and mechanisms , 2007 .

[29]  G. Keeler,et al.  Release of mercury from Rocky Mountain forest fires , 2007 .

[30]  M. Quilliam,et al.  AN OUTBREAK OF DOMOIC ACID POISONING ATTRIBUTED TO THE PENNATE DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA AUSTRALIS 1 , 1992 .