Bio-oil production via catalytic solvolysis of biomass

Recent studies have found that biomass has great potential as a substitute for natural fossil fuels. Although pyrolysis has always been the option for biomass-to-biofuel conversion, liquefaction technology on the other hand appears to be another alternative to obtain valuable high energy products such as biofuel, gas and char due to some disadvantages of converting biomass to biofuel via pyrolysis. In this study, the optimization of liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) into bio-oil was studied over a series of supported Zn catalysts. 15 wt% of Zn supported on ZSM-5 showed the highest bio-oil yield conversion after the introduction of catalyst. GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil showed it to mainly consist of furfurals, followed by phenols and other minor compounds. Several parameters that were studied include the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst composition, and catalyst loading on the product yield. The optimum conditions for the conversion of EFB (43.6%) to liquid products were 180 °C for 90 min with 0.5 wt% of 15% Zn supported on ZSM-5.

[1]  Shouyun Cheng,et al.  Catalytic cracking of camelina oil for hydrocarbon biofuel over ZSM-5-Zn catalyst , 2015 .

[2]  A. Galadima,et al.  Isomerization and Alkylation of Biomass-Derived Compounds in Aqueous Media over Hydrophobic Solid Acid Catalysts: A Mini Review , 2014 .

[3]  S. Yusup,et al.  Bio-oil production from oil palm biomass via subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction , 2014 .

[4]  S. Yusup,et al.  Studies on catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) using Taguchi's L9 Orthogonal Array , 2014 .

[5]  P. Yu,et al.  Interactive association between biopolymers and biofunctions in carinata seeds as energy feedstock and their coproducts (carinata meal) from biofuel and bio-oil processing before and after biodegradation: current advanced molecular spectroscopic investigations. , 2014, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[6]  C. Briens,et al.  Insecticidal activity of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of straw from Brassica spp. , 2014, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[7]  Juan Miao,et al.  Hydrothermal liquefaction of Litsea cubeba seed to produce bio-oils. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[8]  Andre Pelletier,et al.  Effects of solvents and catalysts in liquefaction of pinewood sawdust for the production of bio-oils , 2013 .

[9]  M. Küçük,et al.  Liquefaction of giant fennel (Ferula orientalis L.) in supercritical organic solvents: Effects of liquefaction parameters on product yields and character , 2013 .

[10]  Yaping Zhao,et al.  Conversion of cornstalk to bio-oil in hot-compressed water: effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the yield and chemical composition of bio-oil, carbon balance, and energy recovery. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[11]  L. Krause,et al.  Preliminary studies of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of coconut fibers. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[12]  P. Yu,et al.  Chemical profile, energy values, and protein molecular structure characteristics of biofuel/bio-oil co-products (carinata meal) in comparison with canola meal. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[13]  Phillip E. Savage,et al.  Hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.: Systematic study of process variables and analysis of the product fractions , 2012 .

[14]  Ming-de Yang,et al.  Direct liquefaction of Dunaliella tertiolecta for bio-oil in sub/supercritical ethanol-water. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[15]  Mustafa Kamal,et al.  Waste-to-wealth: green potential from palm biomass in Malaysia , 2012 .

[16]  D. Vlachos,et al.  Conversion of Xylose to Furfural Using Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysts in Aqueous Media , 2012 .

[17]  M. Tsapatsis,et al.  Tin-containing zeolite for the isomerization of cellulosic sugars , 2012 .

[18]  A. Bridgwater.  Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading , 2012 .

[19]  D. Vlachos,et al.  Xylose Isomerization to Xylulose and its Dehydration to Furfural in Aqueous Media , 2011 .

[20]  Run-Cang Sun,et al.  Acid--chlorite pretreatment and liquefaction of cornstalk in hot-compressed water for bio-oil production. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[21]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  Elucidation of the thermal deterioration mechanism of bio-oil pyrolyzed from rice husk using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[22]  J. Akhtar,et al.  A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass , 2011 .

[23]  Michikazu Hara,et al.  Nb2O5·nH2O as a heterogeneous catalyst with water-tolerant Lewis acid sites. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[24]  Qiang Lu,et al.  Selective fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ZnCl2 to produce furfural: Analytical Py-GC/MS study , 2011 .

[25]  F. Pua,et al.  Comparative studies of products obtained from solvolysis liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres using different solvents. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[26]  Manuel Moliner,et al.  Mechanism of glucose isomerization using a solid Lewis acid catalyst in water. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[27]  P. Savage,et al.  Chapter 8:Hydrothermal Processing of Biomass , 2010 .

[28]  Changwei Hu,et al.  The direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis sp. residue for renewable bio-oils. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[29]  J. Yip,et al.  Comparative study of liquefaction process and liquefied products from bamboo using different organic solvents. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[30]  Weiming Hua,et al.  ZnO supported on high silica HZSM-5 as new catalysts for dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO2 , 2009 .

[31]  Siew Hoong Shuit,et al.  OIL PALM BIOMASS AS A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCE: A MALAYSIAN CASE STUDY , 2009 .

[32]  Christopher W. Jones,et al.  Effects of Acidity on the Conversion of the Model Bio-oil Ketone Cyclopentanone on H−Y Zeolites , 2009 .

[33]  Fu-Shen Zhang,et al.  Effects of various solvents on the liquefaction of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks , 2008 .

[34]  Jianhui He,et al.  Structural analysis of bio-oils from sub-and supercritical water liquefaction of woody biomass , 2007 .

[35]  Thallada Bhaskar,et al.  Low-temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass: analysis of liquid products , 2005 .

[36]  Lianzhen Lin,et al.  Liquefaction mechanism of cellulose in the presence of phenol under acid catalysis , 2004 .

[37]  S. Yaman.  Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks , 2004 .

[38]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals , 2001 .

[39]  Yong-jie Yan,et al.  Liquefaction of sawdust for liquid fuel , 1999 .

[40]  Andrea Kruse,et al.  Hot compressed water as reaction medium and reactant properties and synthesis reactions , 2007 .

[41]  T. Bhaskar,et al.  Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment of Biomass: Effect of Reaction Parameters on Products and Boiling Point Distributions , 2004 .

[42]  Thomas A. Milne,et al.  A Review of the Chemical Composition of Fast-Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass , 1997 .