ECG Changes, Emotional Arousal, and Subjective State

Abstract Laboratory studies with CHD patients suggest an adverse influence of emotional/mental arousal on myocardial ischaemia or ventricular premature contractions (VPCs). However, it is controversial whether such studies can be generalized to everyday life. In addition, existing ambulatory monitoring studies have shortcomings because emotional arousal is entirely based on subjective reports. The hypothesis of the present study is that during ischaemic episodes or VPCs “objective emotional/mental arousal” will be more pronounced than during comparable episodes without these events. Objective emotional/mental arousal was indicated by a special ambulatory monitoring method which was based on the online analysis of heart rate and physical activity, resulting in the so-called emotional or non-metabolic heart rate. Moreover, the method allowed for ratings of anginal pain. In 223 CHD patients the associations between ischaemia, VPCs, objective emotional/mental arousal, and anginal pain were investigated. Forty...

[1]  R A Waugh,et al.  Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life. , 1997, JAMA.

[2]  P. Schwartz,et al.  QT interval prolongation as predictor of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. , 1978, Circulation.

[3]  M. Myrtek,et al.  Perception of emotions in everyday life: studies with patients and normals , 1996, Biological Psychology.

[4]  C. Dennis,et al.  Effects of anger on left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. , 1992, The American journal of cardiology.

[5]  R. Soufer,et al.  Role of behavioral and psychological factors in mental stress-induced silent left ventricular dysfunction in coronary artery disease. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[6]  G. Caprara,et al.  The intrusive commercial: Influence of aggressive TV commercials on aggression , 1987 .

[7]  Cardiovascular responses of patients with cardiac disease to talking and exercise stress testing. , 1992, Heart & lung : the journal of critical care.

[8]  C. Helmers,et al.  QTc intervals in acute myocardial infarction: First‐year prognostic implications , 1980, Clinical cardiology.

[9]  P. Kligfield,et al.  Cardiac rate and rhythm in panic patients. , 1987, The American journal of psychiatry.

[10]  G. Taylor,et al.  Prolonged QT interval at onset of acute myocardial infarction in predicting early phase ventricular tachycardia. , 1981, American heart journal.

[11]  K. Freedland,et al.  Relationship among mental stress-induced ischemia and ischemia during daily life and during exercise: the Psychophysiologic Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI) study. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[12]  D. Mechanic,et al.  Sociological dimensions of illness behavior. , 1995, Social science & medicine.

[13]  Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm changes in patients with heart disease during talking. , 1989, Heart & lung : the journal of critical care.

[14]  M. Myrtek,et al.  Psychophysiological response patterns to single, double, and triple stressors. , 1986, Psychophysiology.

[15]  J. Gottdiener,et al.  Triggers of myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease: physical and mental activities, anger and smoking. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[16]  D. Carroll,et al.  A comparison of additional heart rates during active psychological challenge calculated from upper body and lower body dynamic exercise. , 1988, Psychophysiology.

[17]  E. Becher,et al.  Analysis of ambulatory electrocardiograms in 14 patients who experienced sudden cardiac death during monitoring , 1987, Clinical cardiology.

[18]  A. Quyyumi,et al.  Blood pressure changes during transient myocardial ischemia: insights into mechanisms. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[19]  M Myrtek,et al.  Physical, mental, emotional, and subjective workload components in train drivers. , 1994, Ergonomics.

[20]  S. Ahnve,et al.  Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: review of different formulas and the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction. , 1985, American heart journal.

[21]  D. Roth,et al.  Acute emotional and cardiovascular effects of stressful mental work during aerobic exercise. , 1990, Psychophysiology.

[22]  R. D. Chiaie,et al.  Cardiovascular reactivity of mitral valve prolapse patients during experimental stress exposure: evidence for a functional nature of cardiovascular symptoms , 1996, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[23]  M. Myrtek,et al.  Chrome congestive heart failure , 1994 .

[24]  D. Ahern,et al.  Relation of psychosocial and stress reactivity variables to ventricular arrhythmias in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS). , 1990, The American journal of cardiology.

[25]  S. Saltissi,et al.  Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction does not induce ventricular arrhythmias. , 1993, British heart journal.

[26]  W. Kranig,et al.  A field study on the immediate effects of exposure to low-altitude flights on heart rate and arrhythmia in patients with cardiac diseases , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[27]  H. Ursin,et al.  Additional heart rate--an indicator of psychological activation. , 1974, Aerospace medicine.

[28]  S Campbell,et al.  Frequency of ST-segment depression produced by mental stress in stable angina pectoris from coronary artery disease. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[29]  P. Nixon,et al.  Psychological stress and silent myocardial ischemia. , 1987, American heart journal.

[30]  J. Gottdiener,et al.  Induction of silent myocardial ischemia with mental stress testing: relation to the triggers of ischemia during daily life activities and to ischemic functional severity. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[31]  R. Soufer,et al.  Prognostic implications of mental stress-induced silent left ventricular dysfunction in patients with stable angina pectoris. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[32]  Richard A. Fabes,et al.  Differentiation of vicariously induced emotional reactions in children , 1988 .

[33]  J. Slangen,et al.  The electrocardiogram during emotional and physical stress. , 1985, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[34]  M. Myrtek,et al.  Factors associated with work resumption: a 5 year follow-up with cardiac patients. , 1997, International journal of cardiology.

[35]  S. Ahnve,et al.  The relationship between QT interval and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.