Clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome

[1]  A. Gallace,et al.  Bodily illusions in health and disease: Physiological and clinical perspectives and the concept of a cortical ‘body matrix’ , 2012, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[2]  J. Passchier,et al.  The association between psychological factors and the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) — A prospective multicenter study , 2011, European journal of pain.

[3]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  Elevated blood levels of inflammatory monocytes (CD14+CD16+) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome , 2011, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[4]  D. Karalis,et al.  Syncope in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2011, Clinical cardiology.

[5]  P. Haggard,et al.  Visual Distortion of Body Size Modulates Pain Perception , 2011, Psychological science.

[6]  H. Krämer,et al.  TNF-alpha in CRPS and ‘normal’ trauma – Significant differences between tissue and serum , 2011, PAIN®.

[7]  R. Harden,et al.  Development of a severity score for CRPS , 2010, PAIN®.

[8]  R. Kuner.  Central mechanisms of pathological pain , 2010, Nature Medicine.

[9]  R. Taylor,et al.  The cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome. , 2010, Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research.

[10]  H. Flor,et al.  Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): Somatosensory abnormalities in 1236 patients with different neuropathic pain syndromes , 2010, PAIN.

[11]  Frank Birklein,et al.  Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the “Budapest Criteria”) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2010, PAIN.

[12]  P. Drummond.  Sensory disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome: clinical observations, autonomic interactions, and possible mechanisms. , 2010, Pain medicine.

[13]  W. Kingery.  Role of neuropeptide, cytokine, and growth factor signaling in complex regional pain syndrome. , 2010, Pain medicine.

[14]  J. Marinus,et al.  Spontaneous onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2010, European journal of pain.

[15]  J. Marinus,et al.  Familial Occurrence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2010, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[16]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  Neuropsychological deficits associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2010, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.

[17]  Erik Olofsen,et al.  An observational study on the effect of S(+)‐ketamine on chronic pain versus experimental acute pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 patients , 2010, European journal of pain.

[18]  B. Peterlin,et al.  Migraine may be a risk factor for the development of complex regional pain syndrome , 2010, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[19]  H. Krämer,et al.  Mechanical but not painful electrical stimuli trigger TNF alpha release in human skin , 2010, Experimental Neurology.

[20]  J. Levine,et al.  Critical role of nociceptor plasticity in chronic pain , 2009, Trends in Neurosciences.

[21]  J. Marinus,et al.  Increased risk of complex regional pain syndrome in siblings of patients? , 2009, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[22]  J. Frölke,et al.  WARM AND COLD COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROMES: DIFFERENCES BEYOND SKIN TEMPERATURE? , 2009, Neurology.

[23]  C. Spence,et al.  Space-based, but not arm-based, shift in tactile processing in complex regional pain syndrome and its relationship to cooling of the affected limb. , 2009, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[24]  J. Marinus,et al.  Intrathecal glycine for pain and dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome , 2009, PAIN.

[25]  J. Marinus,et al.  Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 , 2009, PAIN.

[26]  J. Dieleman,et al.  Outcome of the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2009, The Clinical journal of pain.

[27]  J. Marinus,et al.  HLA-B62 and HLA-DQ8 are associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with fixed dystonia , 2009, PAIN®.

[28]  Michael Costigan,et al.  Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage. , 2009, Annual review of neuroscience.

[29]  M. Kaps,et al.  Autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome bind to a differentiation-dependent neuronal surface autoantigen , 2009, PAIN®.

[30]  J. Marinus,et al.  Intrathecal baclofen for dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome , 2009, Pain.

[31]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  The Natural History of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2009, The Clinical journal of pain.

[32]  J. Dieleman,et al.  The association between ACE inhibitors and the complex regional pain syndrome: Suggestions for a neuro-inflammatory pathogenesis of CRPS , 2009, PAIN®.

[33]  C. Maihöfner,et al.  Differential endogenous pain modulation in complex-regional pain syndrome. , 2009, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[34]  P. Drummond.  α1‐Adrenoceptors augment thermal hyperalgesia in mildly burnt skin , 2009, European journal of pain.

[35]  H. Krämer,et al.  Warm and cold complex regional pain syndromes , 2009, Neurology.

[36]  J. Marinus,et al.  Familial occurrence of complex regional pain syndrome , 2009, European journal of pain.

[37]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  Spinal cord histopathological alterations in a patient with longstanding complex regional pain syndrome , 2009, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

[38]  P. Kienbaum,et al.  Sympathetic Nervous System: Evaluation and Importance for Clinical General Anesthesia , 2008, Anesthesiology.

[39]  C. Spence,et al.  Visual distortion of a limb modulates the pain and swelling evoked by movement , 2008, Current Biology.

[40]  G. Wasner,et al.  Long-term skin temperature measurements – A practical diagnostic tool in complex regional pain syndrome , 2008, PAIN.

[41]  J. Dieleman,et al.  Medical history and the onset of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 2008, PAIN.

[42]  T. Jensen,et al.  Experimental Forearm Immobilization in Humans Induces Cold and Mechanical Hyperalgesia , 2008, Anesthesiology.

[43]  F. Zijlstra,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 are not correlated with the characteristics of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 in 66 patients , 2008 .

[44]  Katja Wiech,et al.  Tactile discrimination, but not tactile stimulation alone, reduces chronic limb pain , 2008, PAIN®.

[45]  J. Phillips,et al.  UNRAVELLING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME: FOCUS ON SYMPATHETICALLY MAINTAINED PAIN , 2008, Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.

[46]  L. Becerra,et al.  fMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children. , 2008, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[47]  F. Zijlstra,et al.  Six Years Follow-up of the Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 , 2008, Mediators of inflammation.

[48]  E. Granieri,et al.  The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology , 2008, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[49]  J. Rothwell,et al.  Cortical excitability is abnormal in patients with the “fixed dystonia” syndrome , 2008, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[50]  J. Marinus,et al.  Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Mediators in Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Related Dystonia , 2008, The Clinical journal of pain.

[51]  V. Neugebauer,et al.  PKA and ERK, but not PKC, in the amygdala contribute to pain-related synaptic plasticity and behavior , 2008, Molecular pain.

[52]  C. McCabe,et al.  Body perception disturbance: A contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 2007, PAIN®.

[53]  C. Sommer,et al.  Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome , 2007, Pain.

[54]  G. Deuschl,et al.  The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome. , 2007, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[55]  D. Zurakowski,et al.  Cutaneous sensory abnormalities in children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndromes , 2007, Pain.

[56]  H. Putter,et al.  Onset and progression of dystonia in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2007, PAIN.

[57]  Erin R. Reichenberger,et al.  Changes in immune and glial markers in the CSF of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2007, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

[58]  J. Dieleman,et al.  The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: A population-based study , 2007, Pain.

[59]  J. Scheel-Krüger,et al.  Amygdala GABA-A receptor involvement in mediating sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational pain responses in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury , 2007, Pain.

[60]  Louis P. Vera-Portocarrero,et al.  Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains nerve injury-induced central sensitization , 2006, Neuroscience.

[61]  Sjoerd Niehof,et al.  Increased endothelin-1 and diminished nitric oxide levels in blister fluids of patients with intermediate cold type complex regional pain syndrome type 1 , 2006, BMC musculoskeletal disorders.

[62]  C. Maier,et al.  Severity and specificity of neglect-like symptoms in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared to chronic limb pain of other origins , 2006, Pain.

[63]  G. Wasner,et al.  Endothelial dysfunction in cold type complex regional pain syndrome , 2006, Neurology.

[64]  L. Kemény,et al.  Effects of the neuropeptides substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and galanin on the production of nerve growth factor and inflammatory cytokines in cultured human keratinocytes , 2006, Neuropeptides.

[65]  Sophie Pezet,et al.  Neurotrophins: mediators and modulators of pain. , 2006, Annual review of neuroscience.

[66]  E. Faist,et al.  Inflammatory Mediators are Altered in the Acute Phase of Posttraumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome , 2006, The Clinical journal of pain.

[67]  Yuchiao Chang,et al.  Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional pain syndrome-I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) , 2006, Pain.

[68]  M. Paré,et al.  Pathologic alterations of cutaneous innervation and vasculature in affected limbs from patients with complex regional pain syndrome. , 2006 .

[69]  A. Żyluk,et al.  Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 after Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Prospective Study of the Role of Psychological Factors , 2005, Journal of hand surgery.

[70]  G. Moseley,et al.  Distorted body image in complex regional pain syndrome , 2005, Neurology.

[71]  G. Moseley,et al.  Dysynchiria: Watching the mirror image of the unaffected limb elicits pain on the affected side , 2005, Neurology.

[72]  Guillermo M. Alexander,et al.  Changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CRPS , 2005, Pain.

[73]  B. Neundörfer,et al.  Mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: A role for TNF-α? , 2005, Neurology.

[74]  S. McMahon,et al.  Role of the Immune system in chronic pain , 2005, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[75]  H. Dinse,et al.  Sensorimotor returning in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction , 2005, Annals of neurology.

[76]  Hava Hafner,et al.  Evidence for cortical hyperexcitability of the affected limb representation area in CRPS: a psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation study , 2005, Pain.

[77]  M. Kaps,et al.  Autoimmune etiology of complex regional pain syndrome (M. Sudeck) , 2004, Neurology.

[78]  B. Neundörfer,et al.  Cortical reorganization during recovery from complex regional pain syndrome , 2004, Neurology.

[79]  U. Sailer,et al.  Impaired self-perception of the hand in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 2004, Pain.

[80]  G. Moseley,et al.  Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand? , 2004, Neurology.

[81]  S. Leis,et al.  A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I) , 2004, European journal of pain.

[82]  C. Sommer,et al.  Recent findings on how proinflammatory cytokines cause pain: peripheral mechanisms in inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesia , 2004, Neuroscience Letters.

[83]  Frank Birklein,et al.  Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in unaffected limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome , 2004, Neuroscience Letters.

[84]  Jan Klein,et al.  Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1. , 2004, Immunology letters.

[85]  B. Neundörfer,et al.  Patterns of cortical reorganization in complex regional pain syndrome , 2003, Neurology.

[86]  S. Stulberg,et al.  Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study , 2003, Pain.

[87]  Frank Birklein,et al.  Substance-P-induced protein extravasation is bilaterally increased in complex regional pain syndrome , 2003, Experimental Neurology.

[88]  B. Pleger,et al.  Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand , 2003, Neurology.

[89]  J. Levine,et al.  Transient attenuation of protein kinase Cϵ can terminate a chronic hyperalgesic state in the rat , 2003, Neuroscience.

[90]  F. C. T. Helm,et al.  Proprioceptive reflexes in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy , 2003, Experimental Brain Research.

[91]  R. McClelland,et al.  Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study , 2003, PAIN®.

[92]  B. Roep,et al.  Susceptibility loci for complex regional pain syndrome , 2003, PAIN®.

[93]  P. Halligan,et al.  Referred sensations in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. , 2002, Rheumatology.

[94]  H. Langberg,et al.  Substantial elevation of interleukin‐6 concentration in peritendinous tissue, in contrast to muscle, following prolonged exercise in humans , 2002, The Journal of physiology.

[95]  R. Hari,et al.  Altered central sensorimotor processing in patients with complex regional pain syndrome , 2002, Pain.

[96]  G. Wasner,et al.  Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study , 2002, The Lancet.

[97]  H. Middelkoop,et al.  Clinical aspects of multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia in reflex sympathetic dystrophy , 2001, Neurology.

[98]  B. Neundörfer,et al.  Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome , 2001, Pain.

[99]  G. Wasner,et al.  Vascular abnormalities in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): mechanisms and diagnostic value. , 2001, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[100]  G. Bennett,et al.  Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) , 2000, PAIN.

[101]  B. Galer,et al.  Course of symptoms and quality of life measurement in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a pilot survey. , 2000, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[102]  M. Kress,et al.  Involvement of the Proinflammatory Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 But Not IL-8 in the Development of Heat Hyperalgesia: Effects on Heat-Evoked Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Release from Rat Skin , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[103]  J. J. van Hilten,et al.  Multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome: A distinct clinical entity associated with HLA‐DR13 , 2000, Annals of neurology.

[104]  C. Woolf,et al.  Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. , 2000, Science.

[105]  Frank Birklein,et al.  Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes--analysis of 145 cases. , 2000, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[106]  R. Harden,et al.  Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive? , 1999, PAIN.

[107]  M. van Kleef,et al.  HLA-DQ1 associated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy , 1999, Neurology.

[108]  H. Fields,et al.  Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? , 1999, Muscle & nerve.

[109]  G. Wasner,et al.  Vascular abnormalities in acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): complete inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity with recovery. , 1999, Archives of neurology.

[110]  K. Witscher,et al.  Hemisensory impairment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome , 1999, Pain.

[111]  G. Ribbers,et al.  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: is the immune system involved? , 1998, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[112]  Yasuhiro Shimada,et al.  ANGIOTENSIN - CONVERTING ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN , 1998 .

[113]  F. Gabreëls,et al.  Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD) , 1998, Neurology.

[114]  P. Veldman,et al.  Severe complications of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: infection, ulcers, chronic edema, dystonia, and myoclonus. , 1998, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[115]  J. Field,et al.  Psychological Distress Associated with Algodystrophy , 1997, Journal of hand surgery.

[116]  P. Drummond,et al.  alpha 1-adrenoceptors in normal and hyperalgesic human skin. , 1996, Clinical science.

[117]  J. Dostrovsky,et al.  Thalamic stimulation-evoked sensations in chronic pain patients and in nonpain (movement disorder) patients. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[118]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  Urological symptomatology in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[119]  A. Mailis,et al.  Profile of Caucasian Women with Possible Genetic Predisposition to Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Pilot Study , 1994, The Clinical journal of pain.

[120]  H. Freund,et al.  Cerebral network underlying unilateral motor neglect: evidence from positron emission tomography , 1994, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[121]  H. Merskey,et al.  Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Prepared by the International Association for the Study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy. , 1994, Pain. Supplement.

[122]  P. Veldman,et al.  Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients , 1993, The Lancet.

[123]  U. Otten,et al.  Nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates tachykinin gene expression and biosynthesis in rat sensory neurons during early postnatal development , 1993, Neuropeptides.

[124]  R. Teasell,et al.  Increased Venous Alpha-Adrenoceptor Responsiveness in Patients with Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[125]  S. Bruehl,et al.  Predisposing Psychological Factors in the Development of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Review of the Empirical Evidence , 1992, The Clinical journal of pain.

[126]  Clifford J. Woolf,et al.  The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states , 1991, Pain.

[127]  R. Schwartzman,et al.  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A review. , 1987, Archives of neurology.

[128]  J. Evans,et al.  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy , 2016 .

[129]  P. Drummond,et al.  Persistence of pain induced by startle and forehead cooling after sympathetic blockade in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. , 2004, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[130]  Ulf Lindblom,et al.  CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC PAIN , 2004 .

[131]  J. Levine,et al.  Transient attenuation of protein kinase Cepsilon can terminate a chronic hyperalgesic state in the rat. , 2003, Neuroscience.

[132]  A. Geurts,et al.  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the left hand and motor impairments of the unaffected right hand: impaired central motor processing? , 2002, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[133]  [The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome]. , 2002, Schmerz.

[134]  M. Max,et al.  Sympathetically maintained pain: has the emperor no clothes? , 1999, Neurology.

[135]  P. Holzer,et al.  Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin. , 1998, General pharmacology.

[136]  C. Lewis,et al.  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review. , 1990, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[137]  H. Putter,et al.  BASIC NEUROSCIENCES, GENETICS AND IMMUNOLOGY- ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spreading of complex regional pain syndrome: not a random process , 2022 .