RILEM TC QFS ‘quasibrittle fracture scaling and size effect’-final report

The report attempts a broad review of the problem of size effect or scaling of failure, which has recently come to the forefront of attention because of its importance for concrete and geotechnical engineering, geomechanics, arctic ice engineering, as well as in designing large load-bearing parts made of advanced ceramics and composites,e.g. for aircraft or ships. First the main results of Weibull statistical theory of random strength are briefly summarized and its applicability and limitations described. In this theory as well as plasticity, elasticity with a strength limit, and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), the size effect is a simple power law because no characteristic size or length is present. Attention is then focused on the deterministic size effect in quasibrittle materials which, because of the existence of a non-negligible material length characterizing the size of the fracture process zone, represents the bridging between the simple power-law size effects of plasticity and of LEFM. The energetic theory of quasibrittle size effect in the bridging region is explained and then a host of recent refinements, extensions and ramifications are discussed. Comments on other types of size effect, including that which might be associated with the fractal geometry of fracture, are also made. The historical development of the size effect theories is outlined and the recent trends of research are emphasized.RésuméCe rapport tente de passer en revue le problème de l'effet de taille ou d'échelle sur la rupture, qui est récemment devenu un point focal d'attention à cause de son importance pour les structures en béton, la géotechnique, la géoméchanique, l'étude des glaces arctiques ainsi que dans la conception de grandes pièces structurelles en céramiques ou composites modernes, pour l'industrie navale ou aéronautique par exemple. Tout d'abord, les résultats principaux de la théorie statistique de résistance aléatoire de Weibull, son domaine d'application et ses limitations sont décrits. Dans cette théorie, ainsi qu'en plasticité, élasticité avec une résistance limite et mécanique de la rupture linéaire élastique, l'effet de taille s'exprime seulement par une loi puissance puisqu'aucune longueur ou taille caractéristique n'est présente. L'attention se tourne ensuite sur l'effet de taille déterministe dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles qui, à cause de l'existence d'une longueur matérielle non-négligeable caractérisant la taille de la zone de rupture, représente le lien entre les simples lois puissance de la plasticité et de la mécanique de la rupture linéaire. On explique la théorie énergétique des effets de taille quasi-fragiles dans la région de transition. On discute ensuite une multitude de raffinement récents, extensions et ramifications. On fait également des commentaires sur d'autres types d'effets de taille, y compris ceux qui pourraient être associés avec la géométrie fractale des fissures. L'histoire du développement des théories de l'effet de taille est résumée et les tendances récentes de la recherche sont mises en relief.

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