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Eo /Rhim J Vasc Res 2009;46:36–44 44 18 Martinet W, De Bie M, Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GR, Herman AG, Kockx MM: 7-ketocholesterol induces protein ubiquitination, myelin figure formation, and light chain 3 processing in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 2296–2301. 19 Miguet-Alfonsi C, Prunet C, Monier S, Bessede G, Lemaire-Ewing S, Berthier A, Menetrier F, Neel D, Gambert P, Lizard G: Analysis of oxidative processes and of myelin figures formation before and after the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential during 7 -hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis: comparison with various pro-apoptotic chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64: 527–541. 20 Seye CI, Knaapen MW, Daret D, Desgranges C, Herman AG, Kockx MM, Bult H: 7-ketocholesterol induces reversible cytochrome c release in smooth muscle cells in absence of mitochondrial swelling. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 64: 144–153. 21 Lemaire-Ewing S, Prunet C, Montange T, Vejux A, Berthier A, Bessede G, Corcos L, Gambert P, Neel D, Lizard G: Comparison of the cytotoxic, pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory characteristics of different oxysterols. Cell Biol Toxicol 2005; 21: 97–114. 22 Erridge C, Webb DJ, Spickett CM: 25hydroxycholesterol, 7 -hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol upregulate interleukin-8 expression independently of Toll-like receptor 1, 2, 4 or 6 signalling in human macrophages. Free Radic Res 2007; 41: 260–266. 23 Schroepfer GJ, Jr.: Oxysterols: Modulators of cholesterol metabolism and other processes. Physiol Rev 2000; 80: 361–554. 24 Sevanian A, Bittolo-Bon G, Cazzolato G, Hodis H, Hwang J, Zamburlini A, Maiorino M, Ursini F: LDLis a lipid hydroperoxideenriched circulating lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 1997; 38: 419–428. 25 Ammit AJ, Lazaar AL, Irani C, O’Neill GM, Gordon ND, Amrani Y, Penn RB, Panettieri RA, Jr: Tumor necrosis factor-induced secretion of RANTES and interleukin-6 from human airway smooth muscle cells: modulation by glucocorticoids and -agonists. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 26: 465–474. 26 Baccam M, Woo SY, Vinson C, Bishop GA: CD40-mediated transcriptional regulation of the IL-6 gene in B lymphocytes: involvement of NF B, AP-1, and C/EBP. J Immunol 2003; 170: 3099–3108. 27 Wang Z, Castresana MR, Newman WH: NFB is required for TNF-directed smooth muscle cell migration. FEBS Lett 2001; 508: 360–364. 28 Xu N, Chen CY, Shyu AB: Modulation of the fate of cytoplasmic mRNA by AU-rich elements: key sequence features controlling mRNA deadenylation and decay. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17: 4611–4621. 29 Winzen R, Kracht M, Ritter B, Wilhelm A, Chen CY, Shyu AB, Muller M, Gaestel M, Resch K, Holtmann H: The p38 MAP kinase pathway signals for cytokine-induced mRNA stabilization via map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 and an AU-rich region-targeted mechanism. EMBO J 1999; 18: 4969–4980. 30 Ikeda U, Ito T, Shimada K: Interleukin-6 and acute coronary syndrome. Clin Cardiol 2001; 24: 701–704.

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