Duet: An OLED & GPU Co-management Scheme for Dynamic Resolution Adaptation

The increasingly high display resolution of mobile devices imposes a further burden on energy consumption. Existing schemes manage either OLED or GPU power to save energy. This paper presents the design, algorithm, and implementation of a co-managing scheme called Duet, which automatically trades off perceptual quality for energy efficiency in accordance with static and dynamic visual acuity when users interact with mobile applications. The results of experiments conducted on a commercial smartphone with popular interactive apps show that Duet saves more energy while retaining better visual quality, compared with a joint scheme that simultaneously uses dynamic pixel disabling and dynamic resolution scaling to save OLED and GPU energy in isolation.

[1]  E. Ludvigh,et al.  Study of visual acuity during the ocular pursuit of moving test objects. I. Introduction. , 1958, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[2]  J. W. Miller,et al.  Study of visual acutiy during the ocular pursuit of moving test objects. II. Effects of direction of movement, relative movement, and illumination. , 1958, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[3]  Mahadev Satyanarayanan,et al.  Multi-fidelity algorithms for interactive mobile applications , 1999, DIALM '99.

[4]  S. Wu,et al.  Adler's Physiology of the Eye , 2002 .

[5]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[6]  Mark Rosenfield,et al.  Font Size and Viewing Distance of Handheld Smart Phones , 2011, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[7]  Lin Zhong,et al.  Power Modeling and Optimization for OLED Displays , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[8]  Todd D. Millstein,et al.  RERAN: Timing- and touch-sensitive record and replay for Android , 2013, 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE).

[9]  Xinxin Mei,et al.  A measurement study of GPU DVFS on energy conservation , 2013, HotPower '13.

[10]  Hojung Cha,et al.  Content-centric display energy management for mobile devices , 2014, 2014 51st ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[11]  Yiran Chen,et al.  Mobile GPU Power Consumption Reduction via Dynamic Resolution and Frame Rate Scaling , 2014, HotPower.

[12]  Pi-Cheng Hsiu,et al.  Catch your attention: Quality-retaining power saving on mobile OLED displays , 2014, 2014 51st ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[13]  Demo: Optimizing Smartphone Power Consumption through Dynamic Resolution Scaling , 2015, ACM MobiCom 2015.

[14]  Minglu Li,et al.  Sensing Human-Screen Interaction for Energy-Efficient Frame Rate Adaptation on Smartphones , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[15]  Yunxin Liu,et al.  Optimizing Smartphone Power Consumption through Dynamic Resolution Scaling , 2015, MobiCom.

[16]  Yiran Chen,et al.  Scope - quality retaining display rendering workload scaling based on user-smartphone distance , 2016, 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD).

[17]  Tei-Wei Kuo,et al.  ShiftMask: Dynamic OLED power shifting based on visual acuity for interactive mobile applications , 2017, 2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED).

[18]  Chang Wen Chen,et al.  Too Many Pixels to Perceive: Subpixel Shutoff for Display Energy Reduction on OLED Smartphones , 2017, ACM Multimedia.