A crossed pack-to-cell equalizer based on quasi-resonant LC converter with adaptive fuzzy logic equalization control for series-connected lithium-ion battery strings

The equalization speed, efficiency, and control are the key issues of battery equalization. This paper proposes a crossed pack-to-cell equalizer based on quasi-resonant LC converter (QRLCC). The battery string is divided into M modules, and each module consists of N series-connected cells. The energy can be transferred directly from a battery module to the lowest voltage cell (LVC) in the next adjacent module, which results in an enhancement of equalization efficiency and current. The QRLCC is employed to gain zero-current switching (ZCS), leading to a reduction of power losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Furthermore, an adaptive fuzzy logic control (AFLC) algorithm is employed to online regulate the equalization period according to the voltage difference between cells and the cell voltage, not only greatly abbreviating the balancing time but also effectively preventing over-equalization. A prototype with eight lithium-ion battery cells is implemented. Experimental results show the proposed scheme exhibits outstanding balancing performance, and the equalization efficiency is higher than 98%. The proposed AFLC algorithm abridges the total equalization time about 47%, and reduces the switching cycle about 62% compared with the traditional fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm.