Preparation of Ginseng Extract with Enhanced Levels of Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 Using High Hydrostatic Pressure and Polysaccharide Hydrolases

Background: Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological activities of ginseng. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 are the major compounds recognized as marker substances for quality control of ginseng-based products. These major compounds can be transformed to several pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides by chemical, microbial, and enzymatic means. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a combination of polysaccharide hydrolases and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) were used to extract ginseng saponins enriched with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. Temperature, pH, time, ginseng-to-water ratio, and pressure were optimized to obtain the maximum amount of Rg1 and Rb1 in the resulting extract using commercial polysaccharide hydrolases. Results: This study showed that treatment with a combination of cellulase, amylase, and pectinase at 100 MPa pressure, pH 4.8, and 45°C for 12 h resulted in higher Rg1 and Rb1 levels in the extract. Conclusion: This study describes a cheap and ecofriendly method for preparing ginseng extract enriched with Rg1 and Rb1. Abbreviations used: ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Mpa: Mega Pascal