Monitoring techniques based on wireless AE sensors for large structures in civil engineering

Acoustic emission techniques (AET) are an alternative monitoring method to investigate the status of a bridge or some of its components. It has the potential to detect defects in terms of cracks occurring during the routine use of bridges. Due to the attenuation of acoustic waves and geometrical spreading in concrete structures numerous sensors have to be applied to cover all critical parts. On the other hand a wired connection between all sensors and the processing facility is increasing the installation expenses in an inefficient way. These circumstances make the traditional way to apply AE techniques uneconomical. It is suggested that a monitoring system for large structures should be based on a new kind of sensors using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) as well as powerful algorithms to handle the immense amount of data. Sensors based on MEMS are cheap and usually wireless in a self organizing network. Therewith critical structural points in a key building can be monitored during lifetime of the building without having any traffic-free time or expensive in situ observations by specialists. The paper is giving an overview about modern data processing and analysis techniques and closes with an outlook to new monitoring techniques based on wireless sensors.

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