Shakedown: a design tool for high temperature

High temperature plant often operates under conditions that produce creep and plasticity in presently available structural materials. For assessment of endurance, the capability of shakedown techniques to predict the steady cyclic state offers significant advantages over time stepping inelastic analyses. This paper reviews the present status of such a technique that uses essentially elastic analysis. The application of shakedown based principles to complex strain hardening and creep is described and justified, and the prediction of damage against design criteria obtained