Butyric acid-producing anaerobic bacteria as a novel probiotic treatment approach for inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), of which Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most common manifestations, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, which causes severe watery and bloody diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. IBD is often debilitating and is characterized by onset at a young age and extra-intestinal manifestations. Whereas CD can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, UC is usually confined to the colon and rectum. IBD is an emerging disease and the incidence amounts to 20/100 000 in Europe and North America. There is a link with the social and economic development of the countries: the increase in IBD was first seen in northern Europe and North America, followed by the rest of Europe, Japan, South America and certain parts of Asia (Cohen, 2000; Ouyang et al., 2005). Although the exact aetiopathogenesis of IBD are not clear, it is widely accepted that the disease derives from an inappropriate immune response in genetically susceptible individuals as the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors, the microbiota and the intestinal immune system (Danese & Fiocchi, 2006).