Nanopartikel, Proteine und Nucleinsäuren: Die Biotechnologie begegnet den Materialwissenschaften

Auf der Basis der klassischen Chemie haben sich die Materialwissenschaften und die Biotechnologie im Laufe der letzten drei Jahrzehnte zu leistungsfahigen Disziplinen entwickelt, die heutzutage hochkomplexe technische Elemente und Wirkstoffe fur pharmazeutische und biomedizinische Anwendungen im industriellen Masstab produzieren. Dieser Aufsatz beleuchtet aktuelle Forschungsaktivitaten im Grenzgebiet zwischen der Materialforschung, den Nanowissenschaften und der molekularen Biotechnologie. Dieses neue interdisziplinare Gebiet der Chemie ist einerseits eng verknupft mit den physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von organischen und anorganischen Nanopartikeln und betrifft andererseits die verschiedenen Aspekte molekularer Klonierung, rekombinanter DNA- und Proteintechnologie und der Immunologie. Evolutionar optimierte Biomolekule, z. B. Nucleinsauren, Proteine und supramolekulare Komplexe aus diesen Komponenten, werden fur den Aufbau nanostrukturierter und mesoskopischer Architekturen aus organischen und anorganischen Materialien genutzt. Die hochentwickelten Instrumente und Verfahren der modernen Materialforschung konnen eingesetzt werden, um fundamentale biologische Prozesse zu untersuchen.

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