Emerging cognitive radio technology: Principles, challenges and opportunities

Due to the increasing demand for new wireless services and applications as well as the increasing number of wireless users, the available spectrum is becoming increasingly scarce. As a result, the federal communications commission (FCC) has been investigating new ways to manage the radio frequency resources. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is an innovative radio design philosophy which aims to increase spectrum utilization by exploiting unused and under-utilized spectrum in dynamically changing environments. The basic idea is to let unlicensed users use licensed frequencies, provided they can guarantee minimum interference perceived by the primary licensed users. However, allowing opportunistic use of the wireless spectrum creates new problems such as peaceful coexistence with other wireless technologies as well as understanding the influence of interference that each of these networks can create. In this article, we discuss the key CR operations and principles, and then discuss some of the main challenges and research opportunities that exist in CR-based emerging wireless networks.

[1]  Junde Song,et al.  Extended Mobility Management Challenges over Cellular Networks combined with Cognitive Radio by using Multi-hop Network , 2007, Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2007).

[2]  Amir Ghasemi,et al.  Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: requirements, challenges and design trade-offs , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[3]  R.W. Brodersen,et al.  Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios , 2004, Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004..

[4]  Zhou Xianwei,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008 .

[5]  Friedrich Jondral,et al.  Spectrum pooling: an innovative strategy for the enhancement of spectrum efficiency , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[6]  T. Yucek,et al.  Spectrum Characterization for Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Systems , 2006, MILCOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE Military Communications conference.

[7]  Dipankar Raychaudhuri,et al.  A spectrum etiquette protocol for efficient coordination of radio devices in unlicensed bands , 2003, 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003..

[8]  Friedrich Jondral,et al.  Software-Defined Radio—Basics and Evolution to Cognitive Radio , 2005, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[9]  Anant Sahai,et al.  Fundamental design tradeoffs in cognitive radio systems , 2006, TAPAS '06.

[10]  Jeffrey H. Reed,et al.  Outage probability based comparison of underlay and overlay spectrum sharing techniques , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[11]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey , 2006, Comput. Networks.

[12]  Jun Zhao,et al.  Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[13]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive Radio An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio , 2000 .

[14]  A. Ghasemi,et al.  Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[15]  Jörg Huschke,et al.  Spectrum management and radio resource management considering cognitive radio systems , 2005 .

[16]  H. Tang,et al.  Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio systems , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[17]  J. Mitola,et al.  Software radios: Survey, critical evaluation and future directions , 1992, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[18]  Brian L. Mark,et al.  Modeling and analysis of interference in Listen‐Before‐Talk spectrum access schemes , 2006, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[19]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[20]  Yiwei Thomas Hou,et al.  Toward secure distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[21]  Danijela Cabric,et al.  Physical layer design issues unique to cognitive radio systems , 2005, 2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[22]  M. Schnell,et al.  Sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems by insertion of cancellation carriers , 2005, VTC-2005-Fall. 2005 IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005..

[23]  Anant Sahai,et al.  Some Fundamental Limits on Cognitive Radio , 2004 .

[24]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  A Wavelet Approach to Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios , 2006, 2006 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[25]  Huseyin Arslan,et al.  Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems (Signals and Communication Technology) , 2007 .

[26]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  On the Energy Detection of Unknown Signals Over Fading Channels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[27]  Edward W. Knightly,et al.  MOAR: a multi-channel opportunistic auto-rate media access protocol for ad hoc networks , 2004, First International Conference on Broadband Networks.

[28]  W. Dziunikowski,et al.  Multi-antenna transceiver techniques for 3G and beyond [Book Review] , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[29]  R. Tandra,et al.  Fundamental limits on detection in low SNR under noise uncertainty , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing.

[30]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  BIOlogically-Inspired Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[31]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[32]  张哉根,et al.  Leu-M , 1991 .

[33]  H. Arslan,et al.  Adaptive Positioning Systems for Cognitive Radios , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[34]  Ben Y. Zhao,et al.  Utilization and fairness in spectrum assignment for opportunistic spectrum access , 2006, Mob. Networks Appl..

[35]  Ying-Chang Liang,et al.  Cognitive radio network architecture: part I -- general structure , 2008, ICUIMC '08.

[36]  Junde Song,et al.  Extended Mobility Management Challenges over Cellular Networks combined with Cognitive Radio by using Multi-hop Network , 2007 .

[37]  G. Ganesan,et al.  Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..