Estimation of Aircraft-Dependent Bumpiness Severity in Turbulent Flight

Atmospheric turbulence threatens flight safety of civil aviation aircraft by inducing aircraft bumpiness. A severity estimation method of aircraft bumpiness in turbulent flight is explored according to in-situ Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) indicator. With the turbulence intensity derived from EDR value, a time series of longitudinal and vertical turbulence was generated according to von Karman turbulence model. In order to obtain the vertical acceleration response of aircraft, the continuous change of aerodynamic force on the assembly of wing and horizontal tail was computed by Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM). The computing accuracy was improved by using semi-circle division and assigning the vortex rings on the mean camber surface. Furthermore, the adverse effects of control surface deflections on bumpiness severity estimation can be effectively removed by separating turbulence-induced and aircraft maneuvers-induced aerodynamic force change. After that, the variance of vertical acceleration, as the severity indicator of aircraft bumpiness, was obtained by Welch spectrum estimation. With the refined grid level, the pitching moment change due to control surface deflections can be solved accurately by UVLM. The instantaneous acceleration change obtained by UVLM approximates recorded acceleration data with better accuracy than linear transfer function model. A further test with a set of flight data on the same airway shows that compared with in-situ EDR indicator, the proposed method gives an aircraft-dependent estimation of bumpiness severity, which can not only be used to estimate in-situ bumpiness but also be applied to forecast the bumpiness severity of other different aircrafts.