Quantifying ases multiconnectivity using multicast information

Redundant connectivity (or multiconnectivity) between adjacent autonomous systems (ASes) is important for interdomain traffic engineering and fast recovery in case of failures. However, the redundancy of ASes business relationship links has not been quantitatively studied, mainly due to the difficulty of obtaining relevant data. In this paper, we show that the mrinfo multicast monitoring tool can provide useful data about the Internet topology and such redundant links in particular. Our analysis relies on more than four years of daily queries to about ten thousand routers mapped into more than two hundred ASes. We demonstrate that peering links between ASes are frequently redundant. In particular, our analysis shows that more than half of the studied ASes pairs are connected through multiple physical links. We then refine our analysis by considering the different types of ASes and their business relationships. A particular result of our analysis is that at least 75% of the peer-to-peer relationships between adjacent Tier-1 ASes are redundant, i.e., the connections between these ASes involve several physical links. Our analysis is conservative, providing so a lower bound, as some links might not be seen by mrinfo due to ISPs filtering policies.

[1]  Stephen E. Deering,et al.  Host extensions for IP multicasting , 1986, RFC.

[2]  Iana Considerations Section in RFCs.  Special-Use IPv4 Addresses , 2002 .

[3]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  OPCA: robust interdomain policy routing and traffic control , 2003, 2003 IEEE Conference onOpen Architectures and Network Programming..

[4]  Renata Teixeira,et al.  In search of path diversity in ISP networks , 2003, IMC '03.

[5]  Puneet Sharma,et al.  IP multicast operational network management: design, challenges, and experiences , 2003 .

[6]  Tom Pusateri.  Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol , 2003 .

[7]  Nick Feamster,et al.  BorderGuard: detecting cold potatoes from peers , 2004, IMC '04.

[8]  Ming Zhang,et al.  How DNS Misnaming Distorts Internet Topology Mapping , 2006, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, General Track.

[9]  Jennifer Rexford,et al.  MIRO: multi-path interdomain routing , 2006, SIGCOMM 2006.

[10]  Rob Sherwood,et al.  Touring the internet in a TCP sidecar , 2006, IMC '06.

[11]  Brice Augustin,et al.  Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute , 2006, IMC '06.

[12]  Olivier Bonaventure,et al.  Achieving Sub-50 Milliseconds Recovery Upon BGP Peering Link Failures , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[13]  Jean-Jacques Pansiot,et al.  Local and dynamic analysis of Internet multicast router topology , 2007, Ann. des Télécommunications.

[14]  Bruce M. Maggs,et al.  R-BGP: Staying Connected in a Connected World , 2007, NSDI.

[15]  Benoit Donnet,et al.  Internet topology discovery: a survey , 2007, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[16]  Brice Augustin,et al.  Measuring load-balanced paths in the internet , 2007, IMC '07.

[17]  Walter Willinger,et al.  In search of the elusive ground truth: the internet's as-level connectivity structure , 2008, SIGMETRICS '08.

[18]  Miguel Rio,et al.  Network topologies: inference, modeling, and generation , 2008, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[19]  Mark Handley,et al.  The resource pooling principle , 2008, CCRV.

[20]  Jennifer Rexford,et al.  Toward internet-wide multipath routing , 2008, IEEE Network.

[21]  Rob Sherwood,et al.  Discarte: a disjunctive internet cartographer , 2008, SIGCOMM '08.

[22]  Lixin Gao,et al.  Reliable interdomain routing through multiple complementary routing processes , 2008, CoNEXT '08.

[23]  Brice Augustin,et al.  Failure Control in Multipath Route Tracing , 2009, IEEE INFOCOM 2009.

[24]  Matthieu Latapy,et al.  Fast Dynamics in Internet Topology: Observations and First Explanations , 2009, 2009 Fourth International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection.

[25]  Dmitri Krioukov,et al.  Internet Mapping: From Art to Science , 2009, 2009 Cybersecurity Applications & Technology Conference for Homeland Security.

[26]  Matthieu Latapy,et al.  Fast dynamics in Internet topology: preliminary observations and explanations , 2009, ArXiv.

[27]  Michelle Cotton,et al.  Special Use IPv4 Addresses , 2010, RFC.