Impact of topology on Bluetooth Scatternet

To utilize Bluetooth as a layer 2 multi‐hop subnet for global IP network, there are two missing protocols in current Bluetooth stack: network formation and routing. In this paper, we propose our network formation and routing protocols optimized for such Bluetooth subnset usage scenarios to fill this gap. In this paper, we first present some observations on performance degradations of Bluetooth PAN due to network topologies and topology change when radio independant protocols are implemented. And then we analyze the reason of performance degradation. Based on our analysis, we first propose a flexible scatternet formation algorithm under conference scenario for multi‐hop communication. By using proposed method, scatternet can be formed flexibly with star, mesh, or linked line based on several parameters like number of maximum piconets that a gateway Bluetooth device can participate, and whether loops are needed in the resulting scatternet to achieve better network performance. To utilize topology information in multi‐hop communication, we propose a Cross‐layer Optimized Routing for Bluetooth (CORB) CORB is a QoS‐extended AODV routing protocol with mainly two optimizations between networking layer and underlying Bluetooth MAC layer. The first optimization is to use a new load metric. (LM) in QoS routing protocol instead of number of hops in conventional best effort routing. LM is derived from estimation of nodes’ link bandwidth, which reflects the different roles of nodes in Bluetooth scatternet. This proposal helps routing protocol to bypass heavily loaded nodes, and find route with larger bandwidth. The second optimization is to adjust LM and some MAC layer parameters in response to the unstable network topology caused by movement and change of indoor radio condition. Finally, We present some simulation and experiment results based on implementation, which prove the effectiveness of our protocols.

[1]  Tsuyoshi Kashima,et al.  Controlling Network Topology in Forming Bluetooth Scatternet , 2005, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[2]  Jelena V. Misic,et al.  Minimizing end-to-end delays in Bluetooth scatternet with a slave/slave bridge , 2002, Proceedings. Eleventh International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[3]  T. Sato,et al.  A scatternet operation protocol for Bluetooth ad hoc networks , 2002, The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications.

[4]  Imrich Chlamtac,et al.  Bluetrees-scatternet formation to enable Bluetooth-based ad hoc networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[5]  Andrew T. Campbell,et al.  INSIGNIA: An IP-Based Quality of Service Framework for Mobile ad Hoc Networks , 2000, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[6]  Christian F. Tschudin,et al.  Coping with communication gray zones in IEEE 802.11b based ad hoc networks , 2002, WOWMOM '02.

[7]  Kaoru Sezaki,et al.  Cross-layer optimized routing for Bluetooth personal area network , 2004, Proceedings. 13th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04EX969).

[8]  Chiara Petrioli,et al.  Performance evaluation of a new scatternet formation protocol for multi-hop Bluetooth networks , 2002, The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications.

[9]  Hyunsoo Yoon,et al.  A design of macro-micro CDMA cellular overlays in the existing big urban areas , 2001, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[10]  Kaoru Sezaki,et al.  Impact of Topology on Multi-hop Bluetooth Personal Area Network , 2004, EUC.

[11]  Robert J. Thomas,et al.  Bluenet - a new scatternet formation scheme , 2002, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[12]  Myung J. Lee,et al.  A Bluetooth scatternet-route structure for multihop ad hoc networks , 2003, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[13]  Stefan Schlott,et al.  Bluetooth-based ad-hoc networks for voice transmission , 2003, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the.

[14]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Dominating set based bluetooth scatternet formation with localized maintenance , 2002, Proceedings 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.

[15]  P. Johansson,et al.  Performance aspects of Bluetooth scatternet formation , 2000, 2000 First Annual Workshop on Mobile and Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. MobiHOC (Cat. No.00EX444).

[16]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Distributed topology construction of Bluetooth personal area networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).