Person Re-identification: Past, Present and Future

Person re-identification (re-ID) has become increasingly popular in the community due to its application and research significance. It aims at spotting a person of interest in other cameras. In the early days, hand-crafted algorithms and small-scale evaluation were predominantly reported. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of large-scale datasets and deep learning systems which make use of large data volumes. Considering different tasks, we classify most current re-ID methods into two classes, i.e., image-based and video-based; in both tasks, hand-crafted and deep learning systems will be reviewed. Moreover, two new re-ID tasks which are much closer to real-world applications are described and discussed, i.e., end-to-end re-ID and fast re-ID in very large galleries. This paper: 1) introduces the history of person re-ID and its relationship with image classification and instance retrieval; 2) surveys a broad selection of the hand-crafted systems and the large-scale methods in both image- and video-based re-ID; 3) describes critical future directions in end-to-end re-ID and fast retrieval in large galleries; and 4) finally briefs some important yet under-developed issues.

[1]  Abir Das,et al.  Consistent Re-identification in a Camera Network , 2014, ECCV.

[2]  Jiwen Lu,et al.  Deep hashing for compact binary codes learning , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[3]  David A. McAllester,et al.  Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part Based Models , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[4]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Joint Detection and Identification Feature Learning for Person Search , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[5]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Person Re-identification by Video Ranking , 2014, ECCV.

[6]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  An Ensemble Color Model for Human Re-identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision.

[7]  Qi Tian,et al.  Query-adaptive late fusion for image search and person re-identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[8]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  Spectral Hashing , 2008, NIPS.

[9]  James Philbin,et al.  FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[10]  Nanning Zheng,et al.  Person Re-identification by Multi-Channel Parts-Based CNN with Improved Triplet Loss Function , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[11]  David Nistér,et al.  Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[12]  Bingpeng Ma,et al.  Local Descriptors Encoded by Fisher Vectors for Person Re-identification , 2012, ECCV Workshops.

[13]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Locally Aligned Feature Transforms across Views , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[14]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 Multiple Object Tracking Using K-shortest Paths Optimization , 2022 .

[15]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Towards Open-World Person Re-Identification by One-Shot Group-Based Verification , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[16]  Hai Tao,et al.  Evaluating Appearance Models for Recognition, Reacquisition, and Tracking , 2007 .

[17]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Binary coding of speech spectrograms using a deep auto-encoder , 2010, INTERSPEECH.

[18]  Chen Change Loy,et al.  Person Re-Identification , 2014, Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[19]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Person re-identification by Local Maximal Occurrence representation and metric learning , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[20]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Transfer re-identification: From person to set-based verification , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[21]  Hai Tao,et al.  Viewpoint Invariant Pedestrian Recognition with an Ensemble of Localized Features , 2008, ECCV.

[22]  Qi Tian,et al.  Person Re-identification in the Wild , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[23]  Bingpeng Ma,et al.  Person Search in a Scene by Jointly Modeling People Commonness and Person Uniqueness , 2014, ACM Multimedia.

[24]  Thomas Mensink,et al.  Improving the Fisher Kernel for Large-Scale Image Classification , 2010, ECCV.

[25]  Shuicheng Yan,et al.  End-to-End Comparative Attention Networks for Person Re-Identification , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[26]  Kaiqi Huang,et al.  A Richly Annotated Dataset for Pedestrian Attribute Recognition , 2016, ArXiv.

[27]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  End-to-End Deep Learning for Person Search , 2016, ArXiv.

[28]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Fast Feature Pyramids for Object Detection , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[29]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Person Re-Identification by Support Vector Ranking , 2010, BMVC.

[30]  Riccardo Satta,et al.  Appearance Descriptors for Person Re-identification: a Comprehensive Review , 2013, ArXiv.

[31]  Jianxin Wu,et al.  Person Re-Identification with Correspondence Structure Learning , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[32]  B. Schiele,et al.  How Far are We from Solving Pedestrian Detection? , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[33]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Unsupervised Cross-Dataset Transfer Learning for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[34]  Sergio A. Velastin,et al.  Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Pedestrian Re-identification , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[35]  Yi Yang,et al.  A discriminative CNN video representation for event detection , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[36]  Zhen Li,et al.  Hierarchical Gaussianization for image classification , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[37]  Fei Xiong,et al.  Person Re-Identification Using Kernel-Based Metric Learning Methods , 2014, ECCV.

[38]  Alessandro Perina,et al.  Person re-identification by symmetry-driven accumulation of local features , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[39]  Ping Li,et al.  Cross-Domain Person Reidentification Using Domain Adaptation Ranking SVMs , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[40]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[41]  Richard I. Hartley,et al.  Person Reidentification Using Spatiotemporal Appearance , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[42]  Qi Tian,et al.  DisturbLabel: Regularizing CNN on the Loss Layer , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[43]  Zhen Li,et al.  Learning Locally-Adaptive Decision Functions for Person Verification , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[44]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  What Makes for Effective Detection Proposals? , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[45]  Qi Tian,et al.  Scalable Person Re-identification: A Benchmark , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[46]  Alex Krizhevsky,et al.  Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images , 2009 .

[47]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Associating Groups of People , 2009, BMVC.

[48]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  The Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC) Challenge , 2010, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[49]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Person Re-identification by Attributes , 2012, BMVC.

[50]  N. Cocchiarella.  Sortals, Natural Kinds and Re-Identification , 1977 .

[51]  Takahiro Okabe,et al.  Hierarchical Gaussian Descriptor for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[52]  Stuart J. Russell,et al.  Object identification in a Bayesian context , 1997, IJCAI 1997.

[53]  Peng Wang,et al.  Temporal Pyramid Pooling-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Action Recognition , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[54]  Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury,et al.  Network Consistent Data Association , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[55]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Large Scale Similarity Learning Using Similar Pairs for Person Verification , 2016, AAAI.

[56]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Multi-camera activity correlation analysis , 2009, CVPR.

[57]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Open-set Person Re-identification , 2014, ArXiv.

[58]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Unsupervised Salience Learning for Person Re-identification , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[59]  Anton van den Hengel,et al.  Learning to rank in person re-identification with metric ensembles , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[60]  Louahdi Khoudour,et al.  Video Sequences Association for People Re-identification across Multiple Non-overlapping Cameras , 2009, ICIAP.

[61]  Huchuan Lu,et al.  Sample-Specific SVM Learning for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[62]  Rita Cucchiara,et al.  3DPeS: 3D people dataset for surveillance and forensics , 2011, J-HGBU '11.

[63]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Person Re-identification by Descriptive and Discriminative Classification , 2011, SCIA.

[64]  Xiang Li,et al.  Cross-Scenario Transfer Person Reidentification , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[65]  Stefan Roth,et al.  MOTChallenge 2015: Towards a Benchmark for Multi-Target Tracking , 2015, ArXiv.

[66]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Three things everyone should know to improve object retrieval , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[67]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Learning Mid-level Filters for Person Re-identification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[68]  Shiliang Zhang,et al.  Deep Attributes Driven Multi-Camera Person Re-identification , 2016, ECCV.

[69]  Michael Jones,et al.  An improved deep learning architecture for person re-identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[70]  Pong C. Yuen,et al.  Domain Transfer Support Vector Ranking for Person Re-identification without Target Camera Label Information , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[71]  Xiao Liu,et al.  Attribute-restricted latent topic model for person re-identification , 2012, Pattern Recognit..

[72]  Rainer Stiefelhagen,et al.  Evaluating Multiple Object Tracking Performance: The CLEAR MOT Metrics , 2008, EURASIP J. Image Video Process..

[73]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[74]  Joon Hee Han,et al.  Local Decorrelation For Improved Pedestrian Detection , 2014, NIPS.

[75]  Fabien Moutarde,et al.  Person re-identification in multi-camera system by signature based on interest point descriptors collected on short video sequences , 2008, 2008 Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras.

[76]  Yann LeCun,et al.  Signature Verification Using A "Siamese" Time Delay Neural Network , 1993, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[77]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  Deep semantic ranking based hashing for multi-label image retrieval , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[78]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Hamming Embedding and Weak Geometric Consistency for Large Scale Image Search , 2008, ECCV.

[79]  Niki Martinel,et al.  Re-identify people in wide area camera network , 2012, 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.

[80]  Amelie Oksenberg Rorty,et al.  The Transformations of Persons , 1973, Philosophy.

[81]  Jin Wang,et al.  Temporally aligned pooling representation for video-based person re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[82]  Tat-Seng Chua,et al.  NUS-WIDE: a real-world web image database from National University of Singapore , 2009, CIVR '09.

[83]  Shipeng Li,et al.  Query-driven iterated neighborhood graph search for large scale indexing , 2012, ACM Multimedia.

[84]  Fei-Fei Li,et al.  ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[85]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Learning Color Names for Real-World Applications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[86]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Large scale metric learning from equivalence constraints , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[87]  Bir Bhanu,et al.  Individual recognition using gait energy image , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[88]  B. Scholkopf,et al.  Fisher discriminant analysis with kernels , 1999, Neural Networks for Signal Processing IX: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop (Cat. No.98TH8468).

[89]  Ross B. Girshick,et al.  Fast R-CNN , 2015, 1504.08083.

[90]  Xiao-Yuan Jing,et al.  Video-Based Person Re-Identification by Simultaneously Learning Intra-Video and Inter-Video Distance Metrics , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[91]  Vittorio Murino,et al.  Custom Pictorial Structures for Re-identification , 2011, BMVC.

[92]  Nicu Sebe,et al.  A Survey on Learning to Hash , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[93]  Nanning Zheng,et al.  Similarity Learning with Spatial Constraints for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[94]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Aggregating local descriptors into a compact image representation , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[95]  Frédéric Jurie,et al.  PCCA: A new approach for distance learning from sparse pairwise constraints , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[96]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Mahalanobis Distance Learning for Person Re-identification , 2014, Person Re-Identification.

[97]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Bit-Scalable Deep Hashing With Regularized Similarity Learning for Image Retrieval and Person Re-Identification , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[98]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Deep Metric Learning for Person Re-identification , 2014, 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[99]  Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury,et al.  Temporal Model Adaptation for Person Re-identification , 2016, ECCV.

[100]  Arun Ross,et al.  Modelling errors in a biometric re-identification system , 2015, IET Biom..

[101]  Kuk-Jin Yoon,et al.  Improving Person Re-identification via Pose-Aware Multi-shot Matching , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[102]  Kilian Q. Weinberger,et al.  Distance Metric Learning for Large Margin Nearest Neighbor Classification , 2005, NIPS.

[103]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  A Spatio-Temporal Descriptor Based on 3D-Gradients , 2008, BMVC.

[104]  Yi Yang,et al.  Harry Potter's Marauder's Map: Localizing and Tracking Multiple Persons-of-Interest by Nonnegative Discretization , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[105]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2012, Commun. ACM.

[106]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  Multi-Task Learning with Low Rank Attribute Embedding for Person Re-Identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[107]  Lin Wu,et al.  Deep Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Video-based Person Re-identification: An End-to-End Approach , 2016, ArXiv.

[108]  Andreas Geiger,et al.  Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[109]  Tsuhan Chen,et al.  Image retrieval with geometry-preserving visual phrases , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[110]  Gang Wang,et al.  Gated Siamese Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Human Re-identification , 2016, ECCV.

[111]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Reidentification by Relative Distance Comparison , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[112]  Svetlana Lazebnik,et al.  Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[113]  Michael Isard,et al.  Object retrieval with large vocabularies and fast spatial matching , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[114]  Alberto Del Bimbo,et al.  Person Re-Identification by Iterative Re-Weighted Sparse Ranking , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[115]  Chunxiao Liu,et al.  Person Re-identification: What Features Are Important? , 2012, ECCV Workshops.

[116]  Shishir K. Shah,et al.  A survey of approaches and trends in person re-identification , 2014, Image Vis. Comput..

[117]  Andrew D. Bagdanov,et al.  Identity Inference: Generalizing Person Re-identification Scenarios , 2012, ECCV Workshops.

[118]  Yimin Wang,et al.  Person re-identification with content and context re-ranking , 2015, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[119]  Kaiming He,et al.  Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[120]  Rong Jin,et al.  Distance Metric Learning: A Comprehensive Survey , 2006 .

[121]  Bingpeng Ma,et al.  BiCov: a novel image representation for person re-identification and face verification , 2012, BMVC.

[122]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Person Re-identification by Salience Matching , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[123]  John Wisdom,et al.  Things and Persons , 1948 .

[124]  Zheng Wang,et al.  Camera Network Based Person Re-identification by Leveraging Spatial-Temporal Constraint and Multiple Cameras Relations , 2016, MMM.

[125]  Bill Triggs,et al.  Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[126]  Venkatesh Saligrama,et al.  Efficient Training of Very Deep Neural Networks for Supervised Hashing , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[127]  Xiang Li,et al.  Partial Person Re-Identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[128]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Pedestrian Detection: An Evaluation of the State of the Art , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[129]  Tao Xiang,et al.  Transferring a semantic representation for person re-identification and search , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[130]  Shishir K. Shah,et al.  Part-based spatio-temporal model for multi-person re-identification , 2012, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[131]  Tao Xiang,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of Generative Topic Saliency for Person Re-identification , 2014, BMVC.

[132]  Alessandro Perina,et al.  Multiple-Shot Person Re-identification by HPE Signature , 2010, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[133]  Ben J. A. Kröse,et al.  Keeping Track of Humans: Have I Seen This Person Before? , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[134]  Dacheng Tao,et al.  Multilinear Hyperplane Hashing , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[135]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Human-in-the-Loop Person Re-identification , 2016, ECCV.

[136]  Xiang Li,et al.  Top-Push Video-Based Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[137]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  DeepReID: Deep Filter Pairing Neural Network for Person Re-identification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[138]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Human Reidentification with Transferred Metric Learning , 2012, ACCV.

[139]  Qi Tian,et al.  MARS: A Video Benchmark for Large-Scale Person Re-Identification , 2016, ECCV.

[140]  M. Maqbool,et al.  GMMCP Tracker : Globally Optimal Generalized Maximum Multi Clique Problem for Multiple Object Tracking , 2022 .

[141]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Learning a Discriminative Null Space for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[142]  Yang Li,et al.  Sparse re-id: Block sparsity for person re-identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

[143]  Tiziana D'Orazio,et al.  People re-identification and tracking from multiple cameras: A review , 2012, 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[144]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Relaxed Pairwise Learned Metric for Person Re-identification , 2012, ECCV.

[145]  Ying Wu,et al.  Object retrieval and localization with spatially-constrained similarity measure and k-NN re-ranking , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[146]  Nanning Zheng,et al.  Similarity learning on an explicit polynomial kernel feature map for person re-identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[147]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Depth and Appearance for Mobile Scene Analysis , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[148]  Chunxiao Liu,et al.  POP: Person Re-identification Post-rank Optimisation , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[149]  Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury,et al.  Re-Identification in the Function Space of Feature Warps , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[150]  Xiao Liu,et al.  Semi-supervised Coupled Dictionary Learning for Person Re-identification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[151]  Ondrej Chum,et al.  CNN Image Retrieval Learns from BoW: Unsupervised Fine-Tuning with Hard Examples , 2016, ECCV.

[152]  Qi Tian,et al.  SIFT Meets CNN: A Decade Survey of Instance Retrieval , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[153]  Jesús Martínez del Rincón,et al.  Recurrent Convolutional Network for Video-Based Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[154]  Lin Wu,et al.  PersonNet: Person Re-identification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks , 2016, ArXiv.

[155]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Salient Color Names for Person Re-identification , 2014, ECCV.

[156]  Xiang Li,et al.  An enhanced deep feature representation for person re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV).

[157]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation , 2013, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[158]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Efficient PSD Constrained Asymmetric Metric Learning for Person Re-Identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[159]  Tinne Tuytelaars,et al.  Rank Pooling for Action Recognition , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[160]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Generative Adversarial Nets , 2014, NIPS.

[161]  Bingbing Ni,et al.  Person Re-identification via Recurrent Feature Aggregation , 2016, ECCV.

[162]  Lin Wu,et al.  Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis on Fisher Networks: A Hybrid Architecture for Person Re-identification , 2016, Pattern Recognit..

[163]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Hello neighbor: Accurate object retrieval with k-reciprocal nearest neighbors , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[164]  Qi Tian,et al.  Multimedia search reranking: A literature survey , 2014, CSUR.

[165]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Learning Deep Feature Representations with Domain Guided Dropout for Person Re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[166]  Alfredo Gardel Vicente,et al.  Person Re-Identification Ranking Optimisation by Discriminant Context Information Analysis , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[167]  Xi Wang,et al.  Modeling Spatial-Temporal Clues in a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Video Classification , 2015, ACM Multimedia.

[168]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Distance Metric Learning with Application to Clustering with Side-Information , 2002, NIPS.

[169]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Intelligent multi-camera video surveillance: A review , 2013, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[170]  Zheng Liu,et al.  A fast adaptive spatio-temporal 3D feature for video-based person re-identification , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[171]  Gang Wang,et al.  A Siamese Long Short-Term Memory Architecture for Human Re-identification , 2016, ECCV.

[172]  Bingpeng Ma,et al.  A Spatio-Temporal Appearance Representation for Video-Based Pedestrian Re-Identification , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).