Chemical sand stabilization: A review of material, mechanism, and problems

Chemical sand stabilization has potential for desertification control and this method is characterized by its speed and convenience in operation compared with other stabilization technologies. The materials used in chemical sand stabilization are the key point of this technology and various materials have been developed and investigated. In this review, we present the classification, performance of the materials adopted in sand stabilization, and their stabilizing mechanism as well. We wish to find the relationship between the material structures and their application performance to prevent blind use. However, the consideration for the materials used in chemical sand stabilization is far behind the requirement of desertification control, thus greater efforts have to be paid in this area.

[1]  Neaz Ahmed,et al.  Effect of new soil stabilizers on the compressive strength of dune sand , 1998 .

[2]  Z. Han,et al.  Chemical stabilization of mobile dunefields along a highway in the Taklimakan Desert of China , 2007 .

[3]  D. Greenland,et al.  The adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) by natural soil aggregates , 1966 .

[4]  Halin Zhao,et al.  Effects of desertification on soil and crop growth properties in Horqin sandy cropland of Inner Mongolia, north China , 2006 .

[5]  B. Peco,et al.  Policy impact on desertification: stakeholders’ perceptions in southeast Spain , 2005 .

[6]  A. V. Rooyen.  Combating desertification in the southern Kalahari: connecting science with community action in South Africa , 1998 .

[7]  Dale T. Westermann,et al.  Water and Erosion Management with Multiple Applications of Polyacrylamide in Furrow Irrigation , 1998 .

[8]  Yongkang Xue,et al.  The Impact of Desertification in the Mongolian and the Inner Mongolian Grassland on the Regional Climate , 1996 .

[9]  Shixiong Cao,et al.  Why large-scale afforestation efforts in China have failed to solve the desertification problem. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[10]  Herbert D. Grover,et al.  Shrubland encroachment in southern New Mexico, U.S.A.: An analysis of desertification processes in the American southwest , 1990 .

[11]  Farshad Amiraslani,et al.  Combating desertification in Iran over the last 50 years: an overview of changing approaches. , 2011, Journal of environmental management.

[12]  A. Roldán,et al.  Formation of stable aggregates in degraded soil by amendment with urban refuse and peat , 1994 .

[13]  Lianyou Liu,et al.  Effect of gravel mulch on aeolian dust accumulation in the semiarid region of northwest China , 2003 .

[14]  Abdulmalik A. Alghamdi,et al.  Sand Control Measures and Sand Drift Fences , 2005 .

[15]  B. Wang,et al.  Preparation and water retention properties of clay-based sand-fixing and grass-planting materials , 2013, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed..

[16]  W. Whitford.  Desertification and animal biodiversity in the desert grasslands of North America , 1997 .

[17]  Kelley A. Crews-Meyer,et al.  Aridity and desertification: Exploring environmental hazards in Jáchal, Argentina , 2006 .

[18]  C S Dunn,et al.  INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING PROCEDURES ON STRENGTH OF SAND STABILIZED WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION , 1971 .

[19]  D. Nowak,et al.  The influence of microwave curing time and water glass kind on the properties of molding sands , 2007 .

[20]  P. M. Biesheuvel,et al.  Adsorption of charged and neutral polymer chains on silica surfaces: the role of electrostatics, volume exclusion, and hydrogen bonding. , 2015, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[21]  R. Azzam.  Polymeric conditioner gels for desert soils , 1983 .

[22]  Tao Wang,et al.  Sandy desertification in the north of China , 2002 .

[23]  S. Wild,et al.  Soil Stabilization using Lime-Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag , 1998 .

[24]  W. Whitford.  Desertification: Implications and Limitations of the Ecosystem Health Metaphor , 1995 .

[25]  Zhishen Wu,et al.  Study on Resistance of Wind/Sand Erosion Based on a Solidifying Composite Material of Hydrophilic Polyurethane , 2011 .

[26]  J. Barea,et al.  Analysing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in shrub-associated resource islands from a desertification-threatened semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem , 2004 .

[27]  Z. A. Baghdadi,et al.  The potential of cement kiln dust for the stabilization of dune sand in highway construction , 1990 .

[28]  Saad A. Aiban,et al.  A STUDY OF SAND STABILIZATION IN EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA , 1994 .

[29]  Peter Calow,et al.  Evaluating and monitoring the health of large-scale ecosystems. , 1995 .

[30]  Xubin Pan,et al.  Combating desertification in China: Past, present and future , 2013 .

[31]  J. Aherne,et al.  Nitrogen Cycling in Pinus banksiana and Populus tremuloides Stands in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada , 2011, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[32]  W. Admiraal.  Evaluating and monitoring the health of large-scale ecosystems , 1995 .

[33]  Mingzhu He,et al.  Sand barriers of straw checkerboards for habitat restoration in extremely arid desert regions , 2006 .

[34]  Bailing Liu,et al.  Synthesis and Sand-Fixing Property of Cationic Poly(Vinyl Acetate-Butyl Acrylate-DMC) Copolymer Emulsions , 2013 .

[35]  G. Miller,et al.  INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON STABILIZATION WITH CEMENT KILN DUST , 2000 .

[36]  Achim Röder,et al.  Mediterranean desertification and land degradation: Mapping related land use change syndromes based on satellite observations , 2008 .

[37]  Li Wang,et al.  A potential compound for sand fixation synthesized from the effluent of pulp and paper mills , 2008 .

[38]  Lindsay C. Stringer,et al.  Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa , 2009 .

[39]  Kai Yang,et al.  Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide as a Sand-Fixing Agent for Wind Erosion Control , 2012, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[40]  Li Yong,et al.  Prevention and management of wind-blown sand damage along Qinghai-Tibet Railway in Cuonahu Lake area , 2012 .

[41]  Wenke Yang.  The Issues and Discussion of Modern Concrete Science , 2014 .

[42]  A. Tolooiyan,et al.  The Potential of Lime and Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) Mixture for Stabilisation of Desert Silty Sands , 2012 .

[43]  G. W. Brindley,et al.  Formation and properties of clay—polymer complexes , 1979 .

[44]  T. Kamai,et al.  Effectiveness of a new organic polymer sand-fixing agent on sand fixation , 2012, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[45]  B. Theng.  Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes , 1979 .

[46]  M. Kassas.  Desertification: a general review , 1995 .

[47]  Zhishen Wu,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Chemical Sand-Fixing Material of Hydrophilic Polyurethane , 2011 .

[48]  Gao Weimin,et al.  Study of Mechanism of the W-OH Sand Fixation , 2012 .

[49]  J. Tingle,et al.  Stabilization of Silty Sand with Nontraditional Additives , 2002 .

[50]  Xiaoyun Li.  Gravel–sand mulch for soil and water conservation in the semiarid loess region of northwest China , 2003 .

[51]  John Wainwright,et al.  The stability of vegetation boundaries and the propagation of desertification in the American Southwest: A modelling approach , 2007 .

[52]  R. Gopal,et al.  CHEMICAL STABILISATION OF SAND, COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS AS DUNE SAND STABILISER AND EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON STRENGTH (PART IV) , 1983 .

[53]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  Principles of sand dune fixation with straw checkerboard technology and its effects on the environment , 2004 .

[54]  Galia Shulga,et al.  Effect of the modification of lignocellulosic materials with a lignin-polymer complex on their mulching properties , 2007, BioResources.

[55]  D. Vallero.  Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry , 2004 .

[56]  R. M. El-Asswad,et al.  EFFECTS OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL ON THE THRESHOLD SHEAR VELOCITY AND SOIL LOSS DUE TO WIND , 1986 .

[57]  Dallas N. Little,et al.  Review of Stabilization of Clays and Expansive Soils in Pavements and Lightly Loaded Structures—History, Practice, and Future , 2002 .

[58]  Thomas C. Sheahan,et al.  Stabilization of Dune Sand Using Foamed Asphalt , 2002 .

[59]  T. Tan,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and application of a novel chemical sand-fixing agent-poly(aspartic acid) and its composites. , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[60]  Wenzhi Zhao,et al.  Shielding effect of oasis-protection systems composed of various forms of wind break on sand fixation in an arid region: A case study in the Hexi Corridor, northwest China , 2008 .

[61]  C. Vipulanandan,et al.  Factors affecting mechanical and creep properties of silicate-grouted sands , 2000 .

[62]  Zhibao Dong,et al.  Controlling blown sand along the highway crossing the Taklimakan Desert , 2004 .

[63]  C. Vipulanandan,et al.  Cohesive and Adhesive Properties of Silicate Grout on Grouted-Sand Behavior , 1998 .

[64]  N. Yui,et al.  Effect of polymer adsorption on the water structure at the quartz/water interface studied by optical sum frequency generation , 2007 .

[65]  Eric Litwiller,et al.  Evaluation of sodium lignin sulfonate as draw solute in forward osmosis for desert restoration , 2014 .

[66]  Y. Owusu.  Physical-chemistry study of sodium silicate as a foundry sand binder , 1982 .

[67]  T. Downing,et al.  Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development , 2007, Science.

[68]  H. Matinfar,et al.  Evaluation of desert management and rehabilitation by petroleum mulch base on temporal spectral analysis and field study (case study: Ahvaz, Iran) , 2012 .

[69]  Christian Töttrup,et al.  Regional desertification: A global synthesis , 2008 .

[70]  Sofia Bajocco,et al.  Land sensitivity to desertification across Italy: Past, present, and future , 2011 .

[71]  Jingbo Yang,et al.  Unbalanced tension analysis for UHV transmission towers in heavy icing areas , 2012 .

[72]  Tao Wang.  Desertification in North China , 1993 .

[73]  A. Mitchell.  Plants and techniques used for sand dune reclamation in Australia , 1974 .

[74]  Sam Drake,et al.  Effectiveness of sand-fixing measures on desert land restoration in Kerqin Sandy Land, northern China , 2009 .

[75]  David Niemeijer,et al.  Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Desertification Synthesis , 2005 .

[76]  D. Greenland.  INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS AND CLAYS , 1971 .

[77]  Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza,et al.  Assessing desertification risk in the semi-arid highlands of central Mexico , 2015 .

[78]  L. Lyles,et al.  Soil Stabilizers to Control Wind Erosion , 2015 .

[79]  Shenggong Li,et al.  A comparison of different measures for stabilizing moving sand dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, China , 2004 .

[80]  M. Ben-Hur.  Using synthetic polymers as soil conditioners to control runoff and soil loss in arid and semi-arid regions- : a review , 2006 .