Rotated Hybrid, Energy-Efficient and Distributed (R-HEED) Clustering Protocol in WSN

Minimizing the energy consumption for data transmission is one of the most important design considerations in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The clustering approach is considered one of the most effective methods to prolong the network lifetime in WSNs. Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, and Distributed clustering approach (HEED) is considered one of the most energy-efficient clustering algorithms that uses intra-communication cost and residual energy to elect the Cluster Heads (CHs). In this paper, we aim at examining different inter-cluster routing protocols over HEED and evaluate their performance. Moreover, an enhanced version to HEED, namely Rotated HEED (RHEED), is proposed in this paper. The modified version conducts the setup phase according to certain rules and schedule, with HEED performs this step at the beginning of some rounds. At the beginning of every round the CHs wait a pre-defined period of time to receive a re-clustering message from the BS. If they do not receive the re-clustering message, they will continue rotating the cluster head within the same cluster. The simulation results show that the RHEED outperforms the HEED protocol by more than 20% in term of network lifetime and residual energy.

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