Recent advances in nonlinear passive vibration isolators

Abstract The theory of nonlinear vibration isolation has witnessed significant developments due to pressing demands for the protection of structural installations, nuclear reactors, mechanical components, and sensitive instruments from earthquake ground motion, shocks, and impact loads. In view of these demands, engineers and physicists have developed different types of nonlinear vibration isolators. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of recent developments of nonlinear isolators in the absence of active control means. It does not deal with other means of linear or nonlinear vibration absorbers. It begins with the basic concept and features of nonlinear isolators and inherent nonlinear phenomena. Specific types of nonlinear isolators are then discussed, including ultra-low-frequency isolators. For vertical vibration isolation, the treatment of the Euler spring isolator is based on the post-buckling dynamic characteristics of the column elastica and axial stiffness. Exact and approximate analyses of axial stiffness of the post-buckled Euler beam are outlined. Different techniques of reducing the resonant frequency of the isolator are described. Another group is based on the Gospodnetic–Frisch-Fay beam, which is free to slide on two supports. The restoring force of this beam resembles to a great extent the restoring roll moment of biased ships. The base isolation of buildings, bridges, and liquid storage tanks subjected to earthquake ground motion is then described. Base isolation utilizes friction elements, laminated-rubber bearings, and the friction pendulum. Nonlinear viscoelastic and composite material springs, and smart material elements are described in terms of material mechanical characteristics and the dependence of their transmissibility on temperature and excitation amplitude. The article is closed by conclusions, which highlight resolved and unresolved problems and recommendations for future research directions.

[1]  Jerzy T. Sawicki,et al.  Nonlinear Vibrations of Fractionally Damped Systems , 1998 .

[2]  Alemdar Bayraktar,et al.  Stochastic response of seismically isolated highway bridges with friction pendulum systems to spatially varying earthquake ground motions , 2005 .

[3]  Je-Min Kim,et al.  Mitigation of seismic pounding effect on bridges using dynamic restrainers , 2000, Smart Structures.

[4]  Clive L. Dym,et al.  STABILITY THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO STRUCTURAL MECHANICS , 1974 .

[5]  Mf Marcel Heertjes,et al.  Nonlinear Dynamics and Control of a Pneumatic Vibration Isolator , 2006 .

[6]  Yeong-Bin Yang,et al.  Response of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structures with sliding supports , 1990 .

[7]  H. Saunders,et al.  Random Vibration of Elastic Systems , 1987 .

[8]  P. Tse,et al.  Large deflections of elastic composite circular springs under uniaxial tension , 1994 .

[9]  Tzong-Shuoh Yang,et al.  Slotted Bolted Connection Energy Dissipators , 1993 .

[10]  C.-M. Lee,et al.  Alternative Vibration Protecting Systems for Men-Operators of Transport Machines: Modern Level and Prospects , 2002 .

[11]  James E. Faller,et al.  Low-frequency active vibration isolation system , 1994, Optics & Photonics.

[12]  Ravi Sinha,et al.  VFPI: an isolation device for aseismic design , 2000 .

[13]  C. L. Kirk Non-linear random vibration isolators , 1988 .

[14]  Nesbitt W. Hagood,et al.  Damping of structural vibrations with piezoelectric materials and passive electrical networks , 1991 .

[15]  Nina Mahmoudian,et al.  Frequency Response of Vibration Isolators With Saturating Spring Elements , 2005 .

[16]  Kazuta Hirata,et al.  Fragility estimation of an isolated FBR structure considering the ultimate state of rubber bearings , 1994 .

[17]  Nikolai K. Moshchuk,et al.  Asymptotic expansion of ship capsizing in random sea waves. I: First-order approximation , 1995 .

[18]  Warren P. Mason,et al.  Introduction to polymer viscoelasticity , 1972 .

[19]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Response of Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks , 2004 .

[20]  David Blair,et al.  A long-period vertical vibration isolator for gravitational wave detection , 1998 .

[21]  D.I.G. Jones,et al.  Temperature-frequency dependence of dynamic properties of damping materials , 1974 .

[22]  Roberto Villaverde,et al.  Roof Isolation System to Reduce the Seismic Response of Buildings: A Preliminary Assessment , 1998 .

[23]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Frictional characteristics of Teflon–steel interfaces under dynamic conditions , 1987 .

[24]  Ryutaro Takahashi,et al.  Improvement of the vibration isolation system for TAMA300 , 2002 .

[25]  Virginio Sannibale,et al.  Seismic attenuation performance of the first prototype of a geometric anti-spring filter , 2002 .

[26]  David Blair,et al.  Testing of a multi-stage low-frequency isolator using Euler spring and self-damped pendulums , 2004 .

[27]  Paul S. Wilke,et al.  Whole-spacecraft vibration isolation for broadband attenuation , 2000, 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8484).

[28]  Moon Kyum Kim,et al.  Seismic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks considering fluid-structure-soil interaction in time domain , 2004 .

[29]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Practical Frequency and Time Optimal Design of Passive Linear Vibration Isolation Mounts , 2003 .

[30]  R. S. Jangid Optimum friction pendulum system for near-fault motions , 2005 .

[31]  Istvan L. Ver Measurement of Dynamic Stiffness and Loss Factor of Elastic Mounts as a Function of Frequency and Static Load , 1974 .

[32]  Rajendra Singh,et al.  Discontinuous compliance nonlinearities in the hydraulic engine mount , 2007 .

[33]  Wallace C. Flower,et al.  Understanding hydraulic mounts for improved vehicle noise, vibration and ride qualities , 1985 .

[34]  Praveen K. Malhotra,et al.  METHOD FOR SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION OF LIQUID-STORAGE TANKS. TECHNICAL NOTE , 1997 .

[35]  Virginio Sannibale,et al.  Recent progress on the R&D program of the seismic attenuation system (SAS) proposed for the advanced gravitational wave detector, LIGO II , 2001 .

[36]  Rajendra Singh,et al.  Nonlinear Analysis of Automotive Hydraulic Engine Mount , 1993 .

[37]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS ISOLATION SYSTEMS FOR LIQUID STORAGE TANKS , 2002 .

[38]  Steven F. Griffin,et al.  PASSIVE VIBROACOUSTIC ISOLATION FOR REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE PAYLOAD CONTAINERS , 1998 .

[39]  Yu-Der Lee,et al.  Effects of viscoelasticity on rubber vibration isolator design , 1998 .

[40]  Eric Abrahamson,et al.  Seismic response modification device elements for bridge structures development and verification , 2003 .

[41]  Sayed M. Metwalli Optimum Nonlinear Suspension Systems , 1986 .

[42]  David Blair,et al.  Vibration isolation for gravitational wave detection , 1993 .

[43]  Bernard Budiansky,et al.  Theory of buckling and post-buckling behavior of elastic structures , 1974 .

[44]  Dimitris C. Lagoudas,et al.  Modeling of shape memory alloy pseudoelastic spring elements using Preisach model for passive vibration isolation , 2002, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[45]  聡 藤田,et al.  摩擦振り子型免震装置群の地震時挙動に関する研究 : 第4報,モンテカルロシミュレーションによる免震性能の確率的検討(機械力学,計測,自動制御) , 2003 .

[46]  V. A. Ivovich,et al.  Isolation of floor machines by lever-type inertial vibration corrector , 2001 .

[47]  Chenyang Wang,et al.  Constant force actuator for gravitational wave detector's seismic attenuation systems (SAS) , 2002 .

[48]  Gregory I. Orsolini,et al.  Seismic analysis and base isolation retrofit design of a steel truss vertical lift bridge , 1999 .

[49]  Sajal K. Deb,et al.  Seismic base isolation : An overview , 2004 .

[50]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Dynamic Analysis of Liquid Storage Tanks with Sliding Systems , 2003 .

[51]  Chung Bang Yun,et al.  Seismic response characteristics of bridges using double concave friction pendulum bearings with tri-linear behavior , 2007 .

[52]  A. K. Mallik,et al.  Chaotic response of a harmonically excited mass on an isolator with non-linear stiffness and damping characteristics , 1995 .

[53]  Renaud Goullioud,et al.  Microprecision interferometer: evaluation of new disturbance isolation solutions , 1998, Smart Structures.

[54]  M. C. Constantinou,et al.  Response of sliding structures with restoring force to stochastic excitation , 1990 .

[55]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Estimating the seismic displacement of friction pendulum isolators based on non‐linear response history analysis , 2004 .

[56]  Sébastien Neukirch,et al.  IMPROVING A METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF LIMIT CYCLES OF THE LIENARD EQUATION , 1998 .

[57]  Bo Liang,et al.  Vibration studies of base-isolated liquid storage tanks , 1994 .

[58]  David Blair,et al.  Transfer function of an ultralow frequency vibration isolation system , 1995 .

[59]  Shijian Zhu,et al.  Application of chaos method to line spectra reduction , 2005 .

[60]  Alex H. Barbat,et al.  Active Control of Nonlinear Base-Isolated Buildings , 1995 .

[61]  G. J. Efstathiades Subharmonic instability and coupled motions in non-linear vibration isolating suspensions , 1969 .

[62]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  The seismic response of elevated liquid storage tanks isolated by lead-rubber bearings , 2003 .

[63]  M.J. Roemer,et al.  Autonomous impact damage detection and isolation prediction for aerospace structures , 2005, 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[64]  Kenzi Odani On the limit cycle of the Liénard equation , 2000 .

[65]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Performance of sliding systems under near-fault motions , 2001 .

[66]  Mahesh D. Pandey Stochastic analysis of structures with passive seismic control , 1995 .

[67]  V. Sannibale,et al.  Monolithic geometric anti-spring blades , 2005 .

[68]  Kazuhiko Kawashima,et al.  Semiactive Control of Nonlinear Isolated Bridges with Time Delay , 2007 .

[69]  C. S. Tsai Seismic Behavior of Buildings with FPS Isolators , 1995 .

[70]  George A. Lesieutre,et al.  Vibration damping and control using shunted piezoelectric materials , 1998 .

[71]  Nishikant R. Vaidya Base Isolation in the Design and Construction of Power Plant Structures , 1986 .

[72]  T. E. Shoup Shock and vibration isolation using a nonlinear elastic suspension , 1971 .

[73]  John Matthew Ginder,et al.  Magnetorheological elastomers in tunable vibration absorbers , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[74]  Silvia Dimova,et al.  Simplified seismic fragility analysis of structures with two types of friction devices , 2000 .

[75]  Seshadri Sankar,et al.  Modelling and analysis of non-linear orifice type damping in vibration isolators , 1995 .

[76]  Jim Boyd,et al.  Heavy load vibration isolation system for airborne payloads , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[77]  Joshua R. Smith,et al.  LIGO: the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory , 1992, Science.

[78]  R. A. Ibrahim,et al.  Nonlinear Dynamics of a Sliding Beam on Two Supports and its Efficacy as a Non-Traditional Isolator , 2006 .

[79]  Ricardo López-Ruiz,et al.  The limit cycles of Linard equations in the strongly nonlinear regime , 2000 .

[80]  Murilo Augusto Vaz,et al.  Post-buckling analysis of slender elastic rods subjected to terminal forces , 2003 .

[81]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Study of wire rope systems for seismic protection of equipment in buildings , 1992 .

[82]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Sensitivity of Jump Avoidance Condition of Piecewise Linear Vibration Isolator to Dynamical Parameters , 2005 .

[83]  L. Porter Davis,et al.  High-performance passive viscous isolator element for active/passive (hybrid) isolation , 1996, Smart Structures.

[84]  Helmut J. Pradlwarter,et al.  Reliability of MDOF-systems with hysteretic devices , 1998 .

[85]  Nagi G. Naganathan,et al.  A literature review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems , 2001 .

[86]  L. H. Sheng,et al.  Equivalent elastic seismic analysis of base-isolated bridges with lead-rubber bearings , 1994 .

[87]  David I. G. Jones Handbook of Viscoelastic Vibration Damping , 2001 .

[88]  Keith Worden,et al.  Differential evolution based identification of automotive hydraulic engine mount model parameters , 2000 .

[89]  Leif Kari,et al.  On the dynamic stiffness of preloaded vibration isolators in the audible frequency range: modeling and experiments. , 2003, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[90]  Yl L. Xu,et al.  Experimental Seismic Study of Adjacent Buildings with Fluid Dampers , 2003 .

[91]  Yozo Fujino,et al.  Performance evaluation of base-isolated Yama-agé bridge with high damping rubber bearings using recorded seismic data , 2001 .

[92]  David Blair,et al.  Long-term length stability and search for excess noise in multi-stage cantilever spring vibration isolators , 2000 .

[93]  N. Chandra Shekhar,et al.  RESPONSE OF NON-LINEAR DISSIPATIVE SHOCK ISOLATORS , 1998 .

[94]  R. Christensen,et al.  Theory of Viscoelasticity , 1971 .

[95]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Seismic Testing of Steel Plate Energy Dissipation Devices , 1991 .

[96]  C. Crede Vibration and shock isolation , 1951 .

[97]  B. Lazan Damping of materials and members in structural mechanics , 1968 .

[98]  Praveen K. Malhotra New method for seismic isolation of liquid-storage tanks , 1997 .

[99]  Michael C. Constantinou NCEER-TAISEI CORPORATION RESEARCH PROGRAM ON SLIDING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF A FRICTION PENDULUM SYSTEM (FPS). , 1993 .

[100]  Yoshisada Murotsu,et al.  Optimum Design of Vibration Isolators for Random Excitations , 1974 .

[101]  S. Mancini,et al.  Extending the VIRGO gravitational wave detection band down to a few Hz: metal blade springs and magnetic antisprings , 1997 .

[102]  Kwang-Joon Kim,et al.  Modeling of nonlinear complex stiffness of dual-chamber pneumatic spring for precision vibration isolations , 2007 .

[103]  Tetsuya Kimura,et al.  Vibration Characteristics and Seismic Responses of Mechanical Structures With Hysteresis Elements , 2004 .

[104]  Sotirios Natsiavas,et al.  ON VIBRATION ISOLATION OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WITH NON-LINEAR FOUNDATIONS , 1996 .

[105]  J. Ferry Viscoelastic properties of polymers , 1961 .

[106]  C. M. Wayman,et al.  Shape-Memory Materials , 2018 .

[107]  David Blair,et al.  High dynamic range measurements of an all metal isolator using a sapphire transducer (for gravitational wave detectors) , 1992 .

[108]  Haesim Park,et al.  Dynamic isolation test and analysis of a zero-spring-rate mechanism , 1991 .

[109]  Kazuhiko Kasai,et al.  Passive Control Systems for Seismic Damage Mitigation , 1998 .

[110]  A. Di Carlo,et al.  On nonlinear beam models from the point of view of computational post-buckling analysis , 1982 .

[111]  Shigeo Hirose,et al.  Vibration analysis of rubber vibration isolators of vehicle using the restoring force model of power function type : (Analysis of nonlinear vibration using frequency characteristics determined by the hysteresis loop) , 1995 .

[112]  David Blair,et al.  Behaviour of a vibration isolator suitable for use in cryogenic or vacuum environments , 1991 .

[113]  M. Farid Golnaraghi,et al.  Development and Analysis of a Simplified Nonlinear Model of a Hydraulic Engine Mount , 2001 .

[114]  Nobuyuki Kanda,et al.  A low‐frequency vibration isolation table using multiple crossed‐wire suspensions , 1996 .

[115]  Wei-Hsin Liao,et al.  SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES ISOLATED WITH FRICTION PENDULUM BEARINGS , 1998 .

[116]  K. Huseyin,et al.  Nonlinear theory of elastic stability , 1975 .

[117]  Hideki Kato,et al.  Vibration Characteristics of Rubber Vibration Isolators of Vehicle. Analysis of Nonlinear Vibration Response. , 1994 .

[118]  Raouf A. Ibrahim,et al.  Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an elastic beam isolator sliding on frictional supports , 2007 .

[119]  B. G. Kao,et al.  Finite Element Analysis of Viscoelastic Elastomeric Structures Vibrating about Non-Linear Statically Stressed Configurations , 1981 .

[120]  聡 藤田,et al.  複曲率摩擦振り子型免震装置に関する研究開発 : 自動販売機モデルを用いた振動実験及び応答解析による免震性能の検討(機械力学,計測,自動制御) , 2003 .

[121]  Paul S. Wilke,et al.  Multi-axis whole-spacecraft vibration isolation for small launch vehicles , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[122]  Abdolreza Ohadi,et al.  Simulation of engine vibration on nonlinear hydraulic engine mounts , 2007 .

[123]  Silvia Dimova,et al.  Numerical technique for dynamic analysis of structures with friction devices , 1995 .

[124]  J. S. Hwang EVALUATION OF EQUIVALENT LINEAR ANALYSIS METHODS OF BRIDGE ISOLATION. TECHNICAL NOTE , 1996 .

[125]  Ronald L. Mayes,et al.  Seismic Isolation: History, Application, and Performance—A World View , 1990 .

[126]  P. C Tsopelas,et al.  NCEER - Taisei Corporation Research Program on Sliding Seismic Isolation Systems for Bridges : Experimental and analytical study of a system consisting of sliding bearings and fluid restoring force/damping devices , 1994 .

[127]  Z. Bažant,et al.  Stability Of Structures , 1991 .

[128]  Leif Kari The non-linear temperature dependent stiffness of precompressed rubber cylinders: An effective shape factor model , 2002 .

[129]  T. K. Datta,et al.  Performance of base isolation systems for asymmetric building subject to random excitation , 1995 .

[130]  H. Ziegler Principles of structural stability , 1968 .

[131]  Prabhu Kandachar,et al.  A Constitutive Model for Long-Term Behavior of Polymers , 2000 .

[132]  Murilo Augusto Vaz,et al.  Post-buckling analysis of slender elastic vertical rods subjected to terminal forces and self-weight , 2005 .

[133]  Yozo Fujino,et al.  System Identification of Two Base-Isolated Bridges Using Seismic Records , 2000 .

[134]  Satoshi Fujita,et al.  Motion Analysis of Pendulum-Type Isolation Systems During Earthquakes: Dynamic Test and Response Analysis on a Three Story Steel Frame Model Supported by Four Friction Pendulum Bearings , 2004 .

[135]  N. Chandra Shekhar,et al.  PERFORMANCE OF NON-LINEAR ISOLATORS AND ABSORBERS TO SHOCK EXCITATIONS , 1999 .

[136]  Heecheul Kim,et al.  Performance of a multi-story structure with a resilient-friction base isolation system , 2004 .

[137]  Yen-Po Wang,et al.  Seismic isolation of rigid cylindrical tanks using friction pendulum bearings , 2001 .

[138]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Jump avoidance conditions for piecewise linear vibration isolator , 2005 .

[139]  D. Blair,et al.  Mathematical analysis of an Euler spring vibration isolator , 2002 .

[140]  Iradj G. Tadjbakhsh,et al.  Response of Sliding Rigid Structure to Base Excitation , 1984 .

[141]  Scott C. Pendleton,et al.  Isolation systems for electronic black-box transportation to orbit , 1998, Smart Structures.

[142]  Leif Kari,et al.  A Nonlinear Dynamic Stiffness Model of a Vibration Isolator at Finite Deformations , 2003 .

[143]  L. Porter Davis,et al.  Second-generation hybrid D-strut , 1995, Smart Structures.

[144]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks to near-fault motions , 2006 .

[145]  Kenneth Potter,et al.  Experimental validation of a novel stictionless magnetorheological fluid isolator , 2003, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[146]  Ian D. Aiken,et al.  AN ANALYTICAL HYSTERESIS MODEL FOR ELASTOMERIC SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS , 1997 .

[147]  David Blair,et al.  Initial results from a long-period conical pendulum vibration isolator with application for gravitational wave detection , 1999 .

[148]  David Blair,et al.  Performance of an ultra low-frequency folded pendulum , 1994 .

[149]  Hyun-Moo Koh,et al.  Cost-effectiveness analysis of seismically isolated pool structures for the storage of nuclear spent-fuel assemblies , 2004 .

[150]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  EFFECTIVENESS OF ELLIPTICAL ROLLING RODS FOR BASE ISOLATION , 1998 .

[151]  David Blair,et al.  Tilt suppression for ultra-low residual motion vibration isolation in gravitational wave detection , 2000 .

[152]  N. Tschoegl The Phenomenological Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Behavior , 1989 .

[153]  R. S. Jangid SEISMIC RESPONSE OF ISOLATED BRIDGES , 2004 .

[154]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Earthquake-Resistant Design with Rubber , 1993 .

[155]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Comparison of Exact and Approximate Frequency Response of a Piecewise Linear Vibration Isolator , 2005 .

[156]  Gregory S. Agnes,et al.  Preliminary analysis of hybrid launch isolation for spacecraft , 1999, Smart Structures.

[157]  R. Plaut,et al.  Analysis of buckled and pre-bent fixed-end columns used as vibration isolators , 2005 .

[158]  Athol J. Carr,et al.  Design Method for Bridges on Lead‐Rubber Bearings , 1989 .

[159]  Masatsugu Yoshizawa,et al.  Passage through resonance in a three degree-of-freedom vibration isolation system , 2005 .

[160]  Leif Kari,et al.  Non-Linear Behavior of a Rubber Isolator System Using Fractional Derivatives , 2002 .

[161]  Steven F. Griffin,et al.  Passive Vibroacoustic Isolation for Payload Containers , 1999 .

[162]  Keith K. Denoyer,et al.  Experiences with smart structures for on-orbit vibration isolation , 2000, Smart Structures.

[163]  Anthony N. Kounadis,et al.  Elastica type buckling analysis of bars from non-linearly elastic material , 1987 .

[164]  Chris L. Pettit,et al.  Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners , 2005 .

[165]  David Blair,et al.  Technology developments for ACIGA high power test facility for advanced interferometry , 2005 .

[166]  Nobuyuki Kanda,et al.  Transfer function of a crossed wire pendulum isolation system , 1994 .

[167]  D. Blair,et al.  Using Euler buckling springs for vibration isolation , 2002 .

[168]  Patrick E. Corcoran,et al.  Hydraulic Engine Mount Characteristics , 1984 .

[169]  Daniela Addessi,et al.  On the linear normal modes of planar pre-stressed curved beams , 2005 .

[170]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Parameter Optimizing for Piecewise Linear Isolator , 2004 .

[171]  Cedric Marsh,et al.  RESPONSE OF FRICTION DAMPED BRACED FRAMES , 1982 .

[172]  G. Losurdo,et al.  Measurement of the VIRGO superattenuator performance for seismic noise suppression , 2001 .

[173]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Aseismic base isolation: review and bibliography , 1986 .

[174]  Yen-Po Wang,et al.  A state-space approach for dynamic analysis of sliding structures , 2001 .

[175]  F. J. Lockett,et al.  Nonlinear viscoelastic solids , 1972 .

[176]  John Matthew Ginder,et al.  Magnetorheological elastomers: properties and applications , 1999, Smart Structures.

[177]  Leon M Keer,et al.  Modelling of a hydraulic engine mount focusing on response to sinusoidal and composite excitations , 1995 .

[178]  Takeshi Mizuno,et al.  Vibration Isolation System Using Negative Stiffness , 2003 .

[179]  J. Enrique Luco,et al.  Optimal damping between two adjacent elastic structures , 1998 .

[180]  R. S. Jangid OPTIMUM DAMPING IN A NON-LINEAR BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM , 1996 .

[181]  M. Tiwari,et al.  Experimental characterization of a nonlinear hydraulic engine mount , 2003 .

[182]  Andre Filiatrault,et al.  Comparative performance of friction damped systems and base isolation systems for earthquake retrofit and aseismic design , 1988 .

[183]  M. Livolant,et al.  Seismic isolation using sliding-elastomer bearing pads , 1985 .

[184]  Dmitry V. Balandin,et al.  Limiting performance analysis of impact isolation systems for injury prevention , 2001 .

[185]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  WIND EFFECTS ON BASE-ISOLATED STRUCTURES , 1992 .

[186]  Andre Filiatrault,et al.  Seismic Design Spectra for Friction‐Damped Structures , 1990 .

[187]  J. H. McGarvey,et al.  Helicopter Rotor Isolation Evaluation Utilizing the Dynamic Antiresonant Vibration Isolator , 1976 .

[188]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of 3‐D‐Base‐Isolated Structures , 1991 .

[189]  J. G. Eisley,et al.  Nonlinear Vibration of Buckled Beams , 1972 .

[190]  Nagi G. Naganathan,et al.  Review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems , 2000 .

[191]  He Xu-hui Response and transmissibility of strong nonlinear active isolation system , 2005 .

[192]  Hyun Moo Koh,et al.  Seismic isolation of pool-type tanks for the storage of nuclear spent fuel assemblies , 2000 .

[193]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Base isolation for near‐fault motions , 2001 .

[194]  S. Y. Bhave,et al.  Vibration Isolation and Transmissibility Characteristics of Passive Sequential Damper , 2004 .

[195]  P. M. Alabuzhev,et al.  Vibration protecting and measuring systems with quasi-zero stiffness , 1989 .

[196]  R. S. Jangid Stochastic seismic response of structures isolated by rolling rods , 2000 .

[197]  Rajendra Singh,et al.  FEASIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING NON-LINEAR VIBRATORY SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF UNKNOWN POLYNOMIAL FORMS , 1999 .

[198]  John Dugundji,et al.  Nonlinear Vibrations of a Buckled Beam Under Harmonic Excitation , 1971 .

[199]  Jing Tang Xing,et al.  Interactive power flow characteristics of an integrated equipment—nonlinear isolator—travelling flexible ship excited by sea waves , 2005 .

[200]  R. S. Jangid Optimum frictional elements in sliding isolation systems , 2000 .

[201]  A. Stevenson,et al.  On the Role of Nonlinearity in the Dynamic Behavior of Rubber Components , 1986 .

[202]  A. M. Ulanov,et al.  DESCRIPTION OF AN ARBITRARY MULTI-AXIAL LOADING PROCESS FOR NON-LINEAR VIBRATION ISOLATORS , 1997 .

[203]  Masaki Ando,et al.  Vacuum-compatible vibration isolation stack for an interferometric gravitational wave detector TAMA300 , 2002 .

[204]  Xiang Yu,et al.  Nonlinear Normal Modes for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Nonlinear Vibration Isolation System , 2006 .

[205]  Harry W. Shenton,et al.  Effect of stiffness variability on the response of isolated structures , 2000 .

[206]  A. Schallamach,et al.  Dynamic behaviour of rubber during moderate extensions , 1965 .

[207]  Navin Amin,et al.  Base Isolation Gets Its Day in Court , 1995 .

[208]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper , 2007 .

[209]  Yu-Der Lee,et al.  Strain‐dependent dynamic properties of filled rubber network systems, 2: The physical meaning of parameters in the L‐N‐B model and their applicability , 1997 .

[210]  Robin T. Stebbins,et al.  The inverted pendulum as a probe of anelasticity , 1994 .

[211]  P. Tse,et al.  Static mechanical behaviour of composite cylindrical springs , 1991 .

[212]  Paul S. Wilke,et al.  Whole-spacecraft vibration isolation on small launch vehicles , 2000, Smart Structures.

[213]  M. Khodaverdian,et al.  Dynamics of resilient‐friction base isolator (R‐FBI) , 1987 .

[214]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Performance estimates in seismically isolated bridge structures , 2004 .

[215]  Masayuki Shigeta,et al.  A Study on Response during Large Deformation in a Seismic Isolation Systemof Nuclear Island Buildings , 1990 .

[216]  Giles W Hunt,et al.  A general theory of elastic stability , 1973 .

[217]  Koji Tsumoto,et al.  Experimental investigation of a buckled beam under high-frequency excitation , 2007 .

[218]  J. Roberts,et al.  A Stochastic Theory for Nonlinear Ship Rolling in irregular Seas , 1980 .

[219]  Ravi Sinha,et al.  Aseismic design of structure–equipment systems using variable frequency pendulum isolator , 2004 .

[220]  T E Shoup,et al.  An adjustable spring rate suspension system , 1977 .

[221]  Subhash Rakheja,et al.  NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE HYDRAULIC MOUNTS FOR ISOLATION OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK , 1999 .

[222]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL FOR MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPERS , 1997 .

[223]  T. J. Lardner,et al.  MECHANICS OF SOLIDS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THIN BODIES - WEMPNER,G , 1982 .

[224]  David Blair,et al.  Low frequency vertical geometric anti-spring vibration isolators [rapid communication] , 2005 .

[225]  P. K. Mallick,et al.  Static Mechanical Performance of Composite Elliptic Springs , 1985 .

[226]  Henk Nijmeijer,et al.  Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a structure with a friction-based seismic base isolation system , 2007 .

[227]  A. A. Dumanoglu,et al.  The effect of spatially varying earthquake ground motions on the stochastic response of bridges isolated with friction pendulum systems , 2006 .

[228]  Yu-Der Lee,et al.  Strain‐dependent dynamic properties of filled rubber network systems , 1996 .

[229]  A. K. Mallik,et al.  Performance of Non-linear Vibration Isolators Under Harmonic Excitation , 1994 .

[230]  R. S. Jangid Seismic response of an asymmetric base isolated structure , 1996 .

[231]  Alexander Veprik,et al.  UNIVERSAL BUMPERED VIBRATION ISOLATOR FOR SEVERE ENVIRONMENT , 1998 .

[232]  R. Jazar,et al.  Comparison of Exact and Approximate Frequency Response of a Piecewise Linear Vibration Isolator , 2005 .

[233]  Erik D. Goodman,et al.  Optimal Design and Simulation of Vibrational Isolation Systems , 1985 .

[234]  Amnon Aharony,et al.  Magnetic correlations on fractals , 1984 .

[235]  T. T. Soong,et al.  Passive and Active Structural Vibration Control in Civil Engineering , 1994, CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.

[236]  Marco Lops,et al.  The VIRGO Project: A wide band antenna for gravitational wave detection , 1990 .

[237]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Hysteretic dampers for earthquake‐resistant structures , 1974 .

[238]  Thomas W. Baumann,et al.  Seismic Design for Base-Isolated LNG-Storage-Tanks , 2001 .

[239]  C. S. Tsai,et al.  FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS FOR FRICTION PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS , 1997 .

[240]  D. Braun,et al.  Development of Antiresonance Force Isolators for Helicopter Vibration Reduction , 1982 .

[241]  Richard G. Cobb,et al.  Survey of state-of-the-art vibration isolation research and technology for space applications , 2003, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[242]  Henry W. Haslach,et al.  Post-buckling behavior of columns with non-linear constitutive equations , 1985 .

[243]  Gilberto Mosqueda,et al.  Aseismic roof isolation system: analytic and shake table studies , 1999 .

[244]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Characterization and Modeling of Friction Pendulum Bearings Subjected to Multiple Components of Excitation , 2004 .

[245]  Zhang Yun-qing,et al.  Experimental study and simulation analysis of hydraulic engine mounts with multiple inertia tracks , 2005 .

[246]  Tim Ingham,et al.  Analysis of the Million Dollar Bridge for seismic retrofit , 2003 .

[247]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Development of a New Design Hydraulic Engine Mount , 2005 .

[248]  Kazuaki Kuroda,et al.  ULTRALOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR USING A PENDULUM WITH CROSSED SUSPENSION WIRES , 1994 .

[249]  María Ofelia Moroni,et al.  Effect of isolation pads and their stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of bridges , 2006 .

[250]  Kazuhiko Kawashima,et al.  EFFECTIVENESS OF SEISMIC DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE CONTROL FOR NONLINEAR ISO-LATED BRIDGE , 2006 .

[251]  Earl H. Dowell,et al.  Parametric Random Vibration , 1985 .

[252]  J. Carlson,et al.  A model of the behaviour of magnetorheological materials , 1996 .

[253]  Henri P. Gavin,et al.  A parametric study of linear and non-linear passively damped seismic isolation systems for buildings , 2004 .

[254]  Henri P. Gavin,et al.  Reliability of base isolation for the protection of critical equipment from earthquake hazards , 2005 .

[255]  David Blair,et al.  Low Resonant Frequency Cantilever Spring Vibration Isolator for Gravitational Wave Detectors , 1994 .

[256]  Matthew Huang,et al.  Use of Body Mount Stiffness and Damping In CAE Crash Modeling , 2000 .

[257]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Chaotic Behavior of Hydraulic Engine Mount , 2006 .

[258]  H. Hatwal,et al.  ON THE MODELLING OF NON-LINEAR ELASTOMERIC VIBRATION ISOLATORS , 1999 .

[259]  Jan L. Spoormaker,et al.  Implementation of Constitutive Model in FEA for Nonlinear Behavior of Plastics , 2000 .

[260]  H. McCallion,et al.  Behaviour of Rubber in Compression under Dynamic Conditions , 1955 .

[261]  Nagi G. Naganathan,et al.  Automotive Vehicle Engine Mounting Systems: A Survey , 2001 .

[262]  Virginio Sannibale,et al.  SEISMIC NOISE FILTERS, VERTICAL RESONANCE FREQUENCY REDUCTION WITH GEOMETRIC ANTI-SPRINGS : A FEASIBILITY STUDY , 1999 .

[263]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Seismic behaviour of base-isolated buildings : a state-of-the-art review , 1995 .

[264]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Estimation of Seismic Demands on Isolators Based on Nonlinear Analysis , 2004 .

[265]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Comparative study of base isolation systems , 1989 .

[266]  Farzad Naeim,et al.  Design of seismic isolated structures : from theory to practice , 1999 .

[267]  C. Wang Post-buckling of a clamped-simply supported elastica , 1997 .

[268]  P. C Tsopelas,et al.  NCEER-TAISEI CORPORATION RESEARCH PROGRAM ON SLIDING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF A SYSTEM CONSISTING OF LUBRICATED PTFE SLIDING BEARINGS AND MILD STEEL DAMPERS. , 1994 .

[269]  Shi-Jian Zhu,et al.  Vibration Isolation and Chaotic Vibration , 2003 .

[270]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  Phenomenological Model of a Magnetorheological Damper , 1996 .

[271]  J. Wagner,et al.  Nonlinear modeling and control of automotive vibration isolation systems , 2000, Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.00CH36334).

[272]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Response of frictional base isolation systems to horizontal-vertical random earthquake excitations , 1988 .

[273]  Nobuyuki Kanda,et al.  Two-dimensional X pendulum vibration isolation table , 1999 .

[274]  A. Schallamach,et al.  Dynamic behavior of natural rubber during large extensions , 1967 .

[275]  Tsung-Wu Lin,et al.  Base isolation by free rolling rods under basement , 1993 .

[276]  Moon Kyum Kim,et al.  Seismic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using the BE–FE–BE coupling technique , 2002 .

[277]  R. Ibrahim Liquid Sloshing Dynamics: Theory and Applications , 2005 .

[278]  Dimitris C. Lagoudas,et al.  Simplified shape memory alloy (SMA) material model for vibration isolation , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[279]  Gregory B. McKenna,et al.  Time Dependent Volume and Enthalpy Responses in Polymers , 2000 .

[280]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Experimental & Analytical Investigation of Seismic Response of Structures With Supplemental Fluid Viscous Dampers , 1992 .

[281]  D. Blair,et al.  Tests on a low-frequency inverted pendulum system , 1993 .

[282]  Jakob Søndergaard Jensen Buckling of an elastic beam with added high-frequency excitation , 2000 .

[283]  Yi-Qing Ni,et al.  IDENTIFICATION OF NON-LINEAR HYSTERETIC ISOLATORS FROM PERIODIC VIBRATION TESTS , 1998 .

[284]  J. Kelly,et al.  Shake Table Test of Cylindrical Water Tanks in Base-Isolated Structures , 1990 .

[285]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Stability Analysis of a Piecewise Nonlinear Vibration Isolator , 2005 .

[286]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  3D-BASIS - Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Base Isolated Structures: Part II , 1991 .

[287]  Ali H. Nayfeh,et al.  Investigation of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of Buckled Beams , 1995 .

[288]  Stephen R Reid,et al.  Large deflections of composite circular springs with extended flat contact surfaces , 2004 .

[289]  Sang Jin Oh,et al.  Elastica of cantilevered beams with variable cross sections , 1993 .

[290]  Bin Wu,et al.  Seismic reliability analysis of hysteretic structure with viscoelastic dampers , 2002 .

[291]  You-Lin Xu,et al.  Seismic response control of a building complex utilizing passive friction damper: experimental investigation , 2006 .

[292]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Non-linear seismic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks to bi-directional excitation , 2002 .

[293]  G. Warburton,et al.  Reduction of vibrations : the third Mallet-Milne lecture , 1992 .

[294]  Zahidul H. Rahman,et al.  Vibration isolation and suppression system for precision payloads in space , 1999 .

[295]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Experimental Study of Friction‐Pendulum Isolation System , 1991 .

[296]  Vasant Matsagar,et al.  Influence of isolator characteristics on the response of base-isolated structures , 2004 .

[297]  Hisayoshi Sato,et al.  Vibration Analysis of Mechanical System with Hysteretic Nonlinearity (2nd Report, Vibration Analysis based on Measured Property of Actual Rubber Pads) , 2004 .

[298]  L. Porter Davis,et al.  Viscous damped space structure for reduced jitter , 1987 .

[299]  S. S. Sattinger Direct Method for Measuring the Dynamic Shear Properties of Damping Polymers , 1990 .

[300]  David Blair,et al.  Techniques for reducing the resonant frequency of Euler spring vibration isolators , 2004 .

[301]  Panayiotis C. Roussis,et al.  Uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum seismic isolation system , 2006 .

[302]  Marc Regelbrugge,et al.  Shape-memory alloy isolators for vibration suppression in space applications , 1995 .

[303]  David Blair,et al.  Passive vibration isolation using a Roberts linkage , 2003 .

[304]  Raymond H. Plaut,et al.  Nonlinear Oscillations of a Buckled Mechanism used as a Vibration Isolator , 2005 .

[305]  C.-M. Lee,et al.  Prediction of non-chaotic motion of the elastic system with small stiffness , 2004 .

[306]  V. A. Zayas,et al.  Application of seismic isolation to industrial tanks , 1995 .

[307]  Régis Dufour,et al.  TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES ON VISCOELASTIC OR ELASTOPLASTIC MOUNTS: PREDICTION AND EXPERIMENT , 1996 .

[308]  Raouf A. Ibrahim,et al.  Influence of excitation amplitude on the characteristics of nonlinear butyl rubber isolators , 2006 .

[309]  P E. Geck,et al.  Front Wheel Drive Engine Mount Optimization , 1984 .

[310]  R. M. Mutobe,et al.  Nonlinear analysis of a large bridge with isolation bearings , 1999 .

[311]  V. V. Bolotin,et al.  Dynamic Stability of Elastic Systems , 1965 .

[312]  Andrei M. Reinhorn,et al.  Teflon Bearings in Base Isolation I: Testing , 1990 .

[313]  Masanobu Shinozuka,et al.  Friction‐Controllable Sliding Isolation System , 1993 .

[314]  Murat Dicleli,et al.  Seismic retrofitting of highway bridges in Illinois using friction pendulum seismic isolation bearings and modeling procedures , 2003 .

[315]  M. C. Constantinou,et al.  Stochastic response of secondary systems in base-isolated structures , 1992 .

[316]  J. Wilson,et al.  The Elastica With End-Load Flip-Over , 1988 .

[317]  Anaxagoras Elenas,et al.  Seismic intensity parameters for fragility analysis of structures with energy dissipating devices , 2002 .

[318]  Noboru Kikuchi,et al.  Analysis and design of passive low-pass filter-type vibration isolators considering stiffness and mass limitations , 2006 .

[319]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Frequency Response Analysis of Piecewise Nonlinear Vibration Isolator , 2005 .

[320]  Antonina Pirrotta,et al.  Experimental investigation of friction-base isolation , 1997 .

[321]  Nam-Sik Kim,et al.  Pseudodynamic test for evaluation of seismic performance of base-isolated liquid storage tanks , 1995 .

[322]  W. E. Hooper,et al.  Antiresonant Rotor Isolation for Vibration Reduction , 1980 .

[323]  R. Racca How to Select Power-Train Isolators for Good Performance and Long Service Life , 1982 .

[324]  J. F. Wilson,et al.  The mechanics and positioning of highly flexible manipulator limbs , 1989 .

[325]  David G. Jones,et al.  Vibration and Shock in Damped Mechanical Systems , 1968 .

[326]  S. Timoshenko Theory of Elastic Stability , 1936 .

[327]  P. TSOPELAS,et al.  Experimental study of FPS system in bridge seismic isolation , 1996 .

[328]  Takeshi MIZUNO VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM USING ZERO-POWER MAGNETIC SUSPENSION , 2000 .

[329]  S. Woinowsky-krieger,et al.  The effect of an axial force on the vibration of hinged bars , 1950 .

[330]  T. Murayama,et al.  Dynamic mechanical analysis of polymeric material , 1978 .

[331]  Yl L. Xu,et al.  Dynamic characteristics and seismic response of adjacent buildings linked by discrete dampers , 1999 .

[332]  Yl L. Xu,et al.  Dynamic response of damper-connected adjacent buildings under earthquake excitation , 1999 .

[333]  Myung Sik Lee,et al.  Design of Engine Mount Using Finite Element Method and Optimization Technique , 1998 .

[334]  Sathya Hanagud,et al.  Nonlinear vibration of buckled beams: some exact solutions , 2001 .

[335]  E. Rivin Passive Vibration Isolation , 2003 .

[336]  Ravi Sinha,et al.  Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures using the Variable Frequency Pendulum Isolator , 2002 .

[337]  J. C. Snowdon Vibration isolation: Use and characterization , 1979 .

[338]  D. E. Cantey,et al.  Thermomechanical response studies of solid propellants subjected to cyclic and random loading. , 1965 .

[339]  N. Yamaki,et al.  Non-linear vibrations of a clamped beam with initial deflection and initial axial displacement, Part I: Theory , 1980 .

[340]  Kai-ming Lei Response of equipment in resilient-friction base isolated structures subjected to ground motion , 1992 .

[341]  S. J. Britvec The stability of elastic systems , 1973 .

[342]  David Blair,et al.  A long-period conical pendulum for vibration isolation , 1996 .

[343]  Jack P. Moehle,et al.  Seismic Response and Design of Setback Buildings , 1990 .

[344]  R. S. Jangid Equivalent linear stochastic seismic response of isolated bridges , 2008 .

[345]  Ivo Caliò,et al.  Seismic response of multi-storey buildings base-isolated by friction devices with restoring properties , 2003 .

[346]  R. Boroschek,et al.  Dynamic characteristics of a long span seismic isolated bridge , 2003 .

[347]  David Blair,et al.  Control of pre-isolators for gravitational wave detection , 2004 .

[348]  Rajendra Singh,et al.  CHARACTERIZATION OF RUBBER ISOLATOR NONLINEARITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SINGLE- AND MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS , 2001 .

[349]  C. D. Johnson,et al.  Design of Passive Damping Systems , 1995 .

[350]  Jing Junping EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR MADE OF REINFORCED FOAM PLASTICS , 2003 .

[351]  Arata Masuda,et al.  An overview of vibration and seismic applications of NiTi shape memory alloy , 2002 .

[352]  A. Love A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity , 1892 .

[353]  Andy J. Keane,et al.  Passive vibration control via unusual geometries: the application of genetic algorithm optimization to structural design , 1995 .

[354]  Kenneth A. Strain,et al.  GEO 600 triple pendulum suspension system: Seismic isolation and control , 2000 .

[355]  Noboru Kikuchi,et al.  Analysis and design of passive band-stop filter-type vibration isolators for low-frequency applications , 2006 .

[356]  Sun Jiangang,et al.  Experimental research on rubber base-isolation tank , 2005 .

[357]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Sliding Isolation System for Bridges , 1991 .

[358]  C. S. Tsai,et al.  Seismic Behavior of High-Tech Facility Isolated With a Trench Friction Pendulum System , 2006 .

[359]  Ranglin Fan,et al.  Fixed points on the nonlinear dynamic properties of hydraulic engine mounts and parameter identification method: Experiment and theory , 2007 .

[360]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by sliding bearings , 2002 .

[361]  G. Nakhaie Jazar,et al.  Nonlinear Modeling, Experimental Verification, and Theoretical Analysis of a Hydraulic Engine Mount , 2002 .

[362]  C. S. Tsai,et al.  Finite element formulations and theoretical study for variable curvature friction pendulum system , 2003 .

[363]  Leif Kari,et al.  Nonlinear Isolator Dynamics at Finite Deformations: An Effective Hyperelastic, Fractional Derivative, Generalized Friction Model , 2003 .

[364]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Random response analysis of frictional base isolation system , 1990 .

[365]  Wenbin Shangguan NONLINEAR MODELING OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE MOUNTS OF A CAR POWERTRAIN WITH COMPUTATIONAL FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS MODELS , 2004 .

[366]  Richard A. Muzechuk Hydraulic Mounts-Improved Engine Isolation , 1984 .

[367]  Yunqing Zhang,et al.  A novel approach for lower frequency performance design of hydraulic engine mounts , 2006 .

[368]  C.J.H. Williams,et al.  Vibration isolation using non-linear springs , 1967 .

[369]  C. S. Tsai,et al.  Shaking Table Tests of a Building Isolated With Trench Friction Pendulum System , 2006 .

[370]  Richard Schapery On the characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic materials , 1969 .

[371]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Stochastic earthquake response of secondary systems in base‐isolated structures , 1992 .

[372]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Study of elastoplastic bridge seismic isolation system , 1997 .

[373]  Thalia Anagnos,et al.  Slotted Bolted Connections in Aseismic Design for Concentrically Braced Connections , 1989 .

[374]  M. Życzkowski,et al.  Post-buckling analysis of non-prismatic columns under general behaviour of loading , 2005 .

[375]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Frequency Response and Jump Avoidance in a Nonlinear Passive Engine Mount , 2006 .

[376]  Michael C. Constantinou,et al.  Verification of friction model of teflon bearings under triaxial load , 1993 .

[377]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Torsional Displacements in Base-Isolated Buildings , 2000 .

[378]  David C. Zimmerman,et al.  Sensor failure detection and isolation in flexible structures using system realization redundancy , 1993 .

[379]  Andy J. Keane,et al.  Passive vibration control via unusual geometries: experiments on model aerospace structures , 1996 .

[380]  M. C. Constantinou,et al.  Stochastic response of practical sliding isolation systems , 1990 .

[381]  T. T. Soong,et al.  State-of-the-art review: Active structural control in civil engineering , 1988 .

[382]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Seismic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tanks , 2004 .

[383]  M. Hundal Response of a base excited system with Coulomb and viscous friction , 1979 .

[384]  E. A. Delis,et al.  Analytical Studies for Seismic Isolation in Highway Bridges , 1997 .

[385]  S. Neukirch,et al.  NUMBER OF LIMIT CYCLES OF THE LIENARD EQUATION , 1997, chao-dyn/9705006.

[386]  A. Coniglio Cluster structure near the percolation threshold , 1982 .

[387]  David Blair,et al.  Vibration isolation performance of an ultra-low frequency folded pendulum resonator , 1997 .

[388]  Iradj G. Tadjbakhsh,et al.  Displacement‐proportional friction (DPF) in base isolation , 1987 .

[389]  Anastasia B. Sotiropoulou,et al.  Exact parametric analytic solutions of the elastica ODEs for bars including effects of the transverse deformation , 2004 .

[390]  Kenji Numata,et al.  Study of quality factor and hysteresis associated with the state-of-the-art passive seismic isolation system for Gravitational Wave Interferometric Detectors , 2005 .

[391]  James E. Bernard,et al.  Engine Mount Optimization , 1983 .

[392]  J. L. Sproston,et al.  Applications of electro-rheological fluids in vibration control: a survey , 1996 .

[393]  Richard P. Chartoff,et al.  Extrapolating Viscoelastic Data in the Temperature—Frequency Domain , 1990 .

[394]  T. C. Lai,et al.  A note on large deflection of elastic composite circular springs under tension and in push-pull configuration , 1997 .

[395]  G. Kim,et al.  A study of passive and adaptive hydraulic engine mount systems with emphasis on non-linear characteristics , 1995 .

[396]  L. C. Davis Model of magnetorheological elastomers , 1999 .

[397]  Andre Filiatrault,et al.  Frictional Response of PTFE Sliding Bearings at High Frequencies , 1997 .

[398]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Analytical and Experimental Study of the Response of a Suspension System with a Magnetorheological Damper , 2005 .

[399]  Regis V. Schmitt,et al.  Design of Elastomeric Vibration Isolation Mounting Systems for Internal Combustion Engines , 1976 .

[400]  Andrei M. Reinhorn,et al.  Teflon Bearings in Base Isolation II: Modeling , 1990 .

[401]  Stephen A. Mahin,et al.  A Simple Pendulum Technique for Achieving Seismic Isolation , 1990 .

[402]  Michael W. Chernuka,et al.  Numerical characterisation of nonlinear stiffness properties of pre-stressed vibration isolation mounts , 2002 .

[403]  Sigeo Hirose,et al.  Vibration Characteristics of Rubber Vibration Isolators of Vehicle. Analysis of Nonlinear Vibration Response for Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom System. , 1997 .

[404]  Eric H. Anderson,et al.  Actuator with Built-In Viscous Damping for Isolation and Structural Control , 1996 .

[405]  Yozo Fujino,et al.  ROLE OF STRUCTURAL DETAILS IN ALTERING THE EXPECTED SEISMIC RESPONSE OF BASE-ISOLATED BRIDGES , 2002 .

[406]  Thomas W. Strganac,et al.  An Approach to Characterize Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material Behavior Using Dynamic Mechanical Tests and Analyses , 1996, Aerospace and Materials.

[407]  T. Derby,et al.  INFLUENCE OF DAMPING IN VIBRATION ISOLATION , 1971 .

[408]  Panayiotis C. Roussis,et al.  Experimental and analytical studies of structures seismically isolated with an uplift‐restraining friction pendulum system , 2006 .

[409]  J. M. Chiou,et al.  An equivalent linear model of lead-rubber seismic isolation bearings , 1996 .

[410]  M. F. Golnaraghi,et al.  Nonlinear Isolator Optimization Using RMS Cost Function , 2004 .

[411]  Jiahao Lin,et al.  An Introduction to Seismic Isolation , 1993 .

[412]  Shen Dong,et al.  An Ultra-Low Frequency Parallel Connection Nonlinear Isolator for Precision Instruments , 2004 .

[413]  Alexander F. Vakakis,et al.  Application of Nonlinear Localization to the Optimization of a Vibration Isolation System , 1997 .

[414]  David L. Platus,et al.  Negative-stiffness-mechanism vibration isolation systems , 1999, Optics + Photonics.

[415]  D. Blair,et al.  High performance vibration isolation using springs in Euler column buckling mode , 2002 .

[416]  Eric H. Anderson,et al.  Design of a D-Strut and its application results in the JPL, MIT, and LaRC test beds , 1992 .

[417]  Naser Mostaghel,et al.  Response of sliding structures to earthquake support motion , 1983 .

[418]  毅 水野,et al.  ゼロパワー磁気浮上を利用した除振装置の開発 : 第1報,基本原理と基礎実験(機械力学,計測,自動制御) , 2002 .

[419]  Ruggero M. Stanga,et al.  An inverted pendulum preisolator stage for the VIRGO suspension system , 1999 .

[420]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Effects of Isolation Damping on Stochastic Response of Structures with Nonlinear Base Isolators , 1998 .