Laboratory x-ray microscopy on high brilliance sources equipped with waveguides

We report on the experimental realization of propagation-based x-ray microscopy with laboratory sources equipped with waveguides. We discuss about the experimental setup, the fabrication steps, and the characterization procedures of the waveguide optics. We demonstrate that the system enables high resolution attenuation imaging of poorly absorbing biological specimens. Furthermore, we report the successful realization of propagation-based phase contrast x-ray microscopy, enabling quantitative thickness estimation in homogeneous objects. Advantages and major limitations of the experimental scheme are presented and discussed.

[1]  S. Kalbfleisch,et al.  Low-dose three-dimensional hard x-ray imaging of bacterial cells , 2012, Optical Nanoscopy.

[2]  T. Salditt,et al.  Waveguide-based off-axis holography with hard X rays. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[3]  H M Hertz,et al.  A 9 keV electron-impact liquid-gallium-jet x-ray source. , 2008, The Review of scientific instruments.

[4]  K. Nugent,et al.  Focusing of X-rays by Total External Reflection from a Paraboloidally Tapered Glass Capillary. , 1995, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[5]  O. Bunk,et al.  Hard x-ray phase tomography with low-brilliance sources. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[6]  Daniele Pelliccia,et al.  X-ray phase imaging with a laboratory source using selective reflection from a mirror. , 2013, Optics express.

[7]  S. Zabler,et al.  A laboratory X-ray microscopy setup using a field emission electron source and micro-structured reflection targets , 2014 .

[8]  S. Kalbfleisch,et al.  High aspect ratio x-ray waveguide channels fabricated by e-beam lithography and wafer bonding , 2014 .

[9]  Tim Salditt,et al.  Real structure effects in X-ray waveguide optics: The influence of interfacial roughness and refractive index profile on the near-field and far-field distribution , 2009 .

[10]  D. Pelliccia,et al.  Computer simulations and experimental results on air-gap X-ray waveguides , 2007 .

[11]  O. Bunk,et al.  Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources , 2006 .

[12]  Stefano Lagomarsino,et al.  X-ray phase contrast microscopy at 300 nm resolution with laboratory sources. , 2010, Optics express.

[13]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Quantitative X‐ray projection microscopy: phase‐contrast and multi‐spectral imaging , 2002, Journal of microscopy.

[14]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Analyzer-based phase-contrast imaging system using a micro focus X-ray source. , 2014, The Review of scientific instruments.

[15]  Alessandro Olivo,et al.  Phase and absorption retrieval using incoherent X-ray sources , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[16]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object , 2002, Journal of microscopy.

[17]  Hongtao Cui,et al.  X-ray computed tomography in Zernike phase contrast mode at 8 keV with 50-nm resolution using Cu rotating anode X-ray source , 2007 .

[18]  J. F. van der Veen,et al.  Focusing x-ray beams to nanometer dimensions. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[19]  S. Wilkins,et al.  X-ray phase-contrast microscopy and microtomography. , 2003, Optics express.

[20]  Two-dimensional X-ray waveguides: fabrication by wafer-bonding process and characterization , 2008 .

[21]  Analysis of tapered front-coupling X-ray waveguides. , 2010, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[22]  D. Vine,et al.  Analyzer-based phase contrast imaging and phase retrieval using a rotating anode x-ray source , 2007 .

[23]  Dean Chapman,et al.  The design and application of an in-laboratory diffraction-enhanced x-ray imaging instrument. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[24]  W. Yun,et al.  Ellipsoidal and parabolic glass capillaries as condensers for x-ray microscopes. , 2008, Applied optics.

[25]  Daniele Pelliccia,et al.  Experimental characterization of the coherence properties of hard x-ray sources. , 2011, Optics express.

[26]  T Salditt,et al.  X-ray holographic imaging of hydrated biological cells in solution. , 2015, Physical review letters.

[27]  Stefano Lagomarsino,et al.  Phase contrast hard x-ray microscopy with submicron resolution , 1997 .

[28]  G. Hirsch Metal capillary optics: novel fabrication methods and characterization , 2003 .

[29]  D. Pelliccia,et al.  Dual scanning and full-field hard x-ray microscopy with a laboratory source. , 2014, Optics express.