Increasing the renewable energy sources absorption capacity of the Macedonian energy system

Macedonian energy sector is the main emitter of greenhouse gases with share of about 70% in the total annual emissions. Also, 70%–75% of emissions are associated with the electricity generation due to the predominant role of the lignite fuelled power plants. Recently, the government has adopted a strategy for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) which identifies a target of 21% of final energy consumption from RES by 2020. In this paper, analyses are conducted in order to investigate to which extent and in which way the absorption capacity of the power system for RES electricity can be improved. For this purpose, combining various conventional and RES technologies, including pump storage hydro power plant and revitalisation of the existing lignite power plants six scenarios for the power system expansion are developed by making use of EnergyPLAN model. Critical excess of electricity analyses are conducted in order to identify the maximal penetration of wind electricity. The results have shown that in the exiting capacities maximal penetration of wind electricity in 2020 is 13% of total electricity consumption. The revitalization of the existing lignite power plants and building of pump storage power plant would increase the wind penetration. Furthermore, the developed scenarios are comparatively assessed in terms of the associated greenhouse gases emissions and import of electricity.

[1]  A. Tsikalakis,et al.  Feed-in tariffs for promotion of energy storage technologies , 2011 .

[2]  Neven Duić,et al.  Geographic distribution of economic potential of agricultural and forest biomass residual for energy , 2011 .

[3]  Jordan Pop-Jordanov,et al.  Cost and Environmental Effectiveness of the Climate Change Mitigation Measures , 2008 .

[4]  Bernd Möller,et al.  The importance of flexible power plant operation for Jiangsu's wind integration , 2012 .

[5]  Naveen Kumar Sharma,et al.  Reduction in subsidy for solar power as distributed electricity generation in Indian future competitive power market , 2012 .

[6]  Stephen Padgett,et al.  Energy Co‐Operation in the Wider Europe: Institutionalizing Interdependence , 2011 .

[7]  Neven Duić,et al.  A 100% renewable energy system in the year 2050: The case of Macedonia , 2012 .

[8]  Brian Vad Mathiesen,et al.  The technical and economic implications of integrating fluctuating renewable energy using energy storage , 2012 .

[9]  Poul Alberg Østergaard,et al.  Comparing electricity, heat and biogas storages’ impacts on renewable energy integration , 2012 .

[10]  Ahmed Al-Salaymeh,et al.  Optimal operation of conventional power plants in power system with integrated renewable energy sources , 2013 .

[11]  Andrew Geddes,et al.  The European Union and South East Europe: The Dynamics of Europeanization and Multilevel Governance , 2012 .

[12]  Jale Tosun,et al.  Emergency oil stocks in Southeastern and Eastern Europe: What explains variation in convergence towards the EU model? , 2012 .

[13]  Michael E. Webber,et al.  An integrated energy storage scheme for a dispatchable solar and wind powered energy system , 2011 .

[14]  Neven Duić,et al.  Increasing wind power penetration into the existing Serbian energy system , 2013 .

[15]  Jordan Pop-Jordanov,et al.  SWOT analyses of the national energy sector for sustainable energy development , 2009 .

[16]  Liviu Miclea,et al.  A Romanian energy system model and a nuclear reduction strategy , 2011 .

[17]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  How to achieve a 100% RES electricity supply for Portugal? , 2011 .

[18]  Alberto J. Lamadrid,et al.  Ancillary services in systems with high penetrations of renewable energy sources, the case of ramping , 2012 .

[19]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Optimal designs of small CHP plants in a market with fluctuating electricity prices , 2005 .

[20]  Poul Alberg Østergaard,et al.  Reviewing optimisation criteria for energy systems analyses of renewable energy integration , 2009 .

[21]  Brian Vad Mathiesen,et al.  Wind power integration using individual heat pumps – Analysis of different heat storage options , 2012 .

[22]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  Planning for a 100% independent energy system based on smart energy storage for integration of renewables and CO2 emissions reduction , 2011 .

[23]  Filip Johnsson,et al.  Large scale integration of wind power: moderating thermal power plant cycling , 2011 .

[24]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  The Potential of Ghg Emissions Reduction in Macedonia by Renewable Electricity , 2011 .

[25]  Poul Alberg Østergaard,et al.  Regulation strategies of cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) plants and electricity transit in Denmark , 2010 .

[26]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  Environmental and economic aspects of higher RES penetration into Macedonian power system , 2012 .

[27]  Raquel Segurado,et al.  Increasing the penetration of renewable energy resources in S. Vicente, Cape Verde , 2011 .

[28]  Goran Krajačić,et al.  H2RES, Energy planning tool for island energy systems – The case of the Island of Mljet , 2009 .

[29]  Chioke B. Harris,et al.  A unit commitment study of the application of energy storage toward the integration of renewable generation , 2012 .

[30]  Brian Vad Mathiesen,et al.  Large-scale integration of wind power into the existing Chinese energy system , 2011 .

[31]  Jordan Pop-Jordanov,et al.  Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction in a power system predominantly based on lignite , 2011 .

[32]  Andjelka Mihajlov,et al.  Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy policy in SE Europe: SE European Energy Community Treaty , 2010 .