The Pathology of Neck Dissection in Cancer of the Larynx

Cancer of the larynx is a common problem in a head and neck oncological surgical practice; as such, pathology departments supporting such surgical practices will examine cervical lymph node dissection specimens with some frequency. Issues to be settled among pathologists and surgeons include – How precise an anatomic dissection of the specimen is called for? What histological features of the specimen will be of most use to the clinicians who are devising a course of postoperative therapy for the patient? What sorts of methods are needed to identify the maximum number of micrometastases which may be lurking within the lymph nodes of the specimen? Is there a role for routine application of special techniques – such as immunohistochemistry or molecular biology – in the analysis of these specimens? While the answers to these questions are likely to vary somewhat from one center to another, patients are best served when these questions are discussed amongst the respective physicians before surgical procedures are undertaken, rather than after the fact.

[1]  L. Gleich,et al.  Molecular genetics of head and neck cancer. , 2002, Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.

[2]  A. Rinaldo,et al.  False Negative Conventional Histology of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer , 2000, ORL.

[3]  K. Devaney,et al.  Pathologic detection of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. , 2000, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[4]  A. Carbone,et al.  Clinicopathological Consultation Micrometastases: Have They an Impact on Prognosis? , 1999 .

[5]  R. Elledge,et al.  Caution concerning micrometastatic breast carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes , 1999, Cancer.

[6]  D J Spitz,et al.  Occult metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with early stage breast carcinoma , 1999, Cancer.

[7]  D. Reintgen,et al.  Sentinel lymph node micrometastasis from melanoma , 1999, Cancer.

[8]  B. Davidson,et al.  Complications from planned, posttreatment neck dissections. , 1999, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[9]  D. Caldarelli,et al.  Quantification of lymph nodes in selective neck dissection , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[10]  G. Shenouda,et al.  Occult Cervical Metastases: Immunoperoxidase Analysis of the Pathologically Negative Neck , 1997, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[11]  M. Sebelik,et al.  Management of the N0 neck. , 1999, Acta oto-rhino-laryngologica Belgica.

[12]  A. Carbone,et al.  Micrometastases: have they an impact on prognosis? , 1999, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[13]  M. Luna,et al.  Histologic evaluation of neck dissection specimens. , 1998, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[14]  G. Snow,et al.  Diagnostic evaluation of the neck. , 1998, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[15]  K. Robbins,et al.  Classification of neck dissection: current concepts and future considerations. , 1998, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[16]  K. Devaney,et al.  Impact of phenotype on treatment and prognosis of laryngeal malignancies , 1998, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.

[17]  G. Ott,et al.  Lymphadenopathy: differentiation of benign from malignant disease--color Doppler US assessment of intranodal angioarchitecture. , 1998, Radiology.

[18]  G. Snow,et al.  The size of lymph nodes in the neck on sonograms as a radiologic criterion for metastasis: how reliable is it? , 1998, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[19]  J. Houck,et al.  Protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: carcinomas of the oral cavity including lip and tongue, nasal and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. Cancer Committee, College , 1998, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[20]  M. Brasilino de Carvalho.  Quantitative analysis of the extent of extracapsular invasion and its prognostic significance: a prospective study of 170 cases of carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. , 1998, Head & neck.

[21]  K. Devaney,et al.  Pretreatment Pathologic Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma , 1997, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[22]  K. Kopecky,et al.  Comparison of ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration and computed tomography in patients undergoing elective neck dissection , 1997, Head & neck.

[23]  R B Lufkin,et al.  Imaging of nodal metastases in the head and neck , 1997, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[24]  J. Johnson,et al.  Effectiveness of selective neck dissection for management of the clinically negative neck. , 1997, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[25]  J. Pinsolle,et al.  Prognostic value of histologic findings in neck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma. , 1997, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[26]  W. Fee,et al.  Surgical Morbidity of Neck Dissection after Chemoradiotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer , 1997, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[27]  M. F. Williams,et al.  Detection of cervical metastasis. A meta-analysis comparing computed tomography with physical examination. , 1997, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[28]  E. Everts,et al.  Selective neck dissection and the management of the node-positive neck. , 1996, American journal of surgery.

[29]  P. Klemi,et al.  Palpation, ultrasound, and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the assessment of cervical lymph node status in head and neck cancer patients , 1996, Head & neck.

[30]  A. Franchi,et al.  Prediction of occult neck metastases in laryngeal carcinoma: role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MIB-1, and E-cadherin immunohistochemical determination. , 1996, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[31]  G. Snow,et al.  The Incidence of Micrometastases in Neck Dissection Specimens Obtained From Elective Neck Dissections , 1996, The Laryngoscope.

[32]  U. Brinck,et al.  Detection of nodal micrometastases in head and neck cancer by serial sectioning and immunostaining. , 1996, Oncology.

[33]  W. Hong,et al.  Regional metastases in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group. , 1996, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[34]  S. Lippman,et al.  p53 Expression: Predicting Recurrence and Second Primary Tumors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma , 1996 .

[35]  G. Snow,et al.  Assessment and management of lymph node metastases in the neck in head and neck cancer patients. , 1996, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[36]  J. Johnson,et al.  Extracapsular Spread in the Clinically Negative Neck (N0): Implications and Outcome , 1995, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[37]  R. Siegel,et al.  Surgical pathology of lymph nodes in cancer staging: routine and specialized techniques. , 1996, Surgical oncology clinics of North America.

[38]  E. Myers,et al.  Accuracy of intraoperative staging of the N0 neck in squamous cell carcinoma , 1995, The Laryngoscope.

[39]  S. Shingaki,et al.  Computed tomographic evaluation of lymph node metastasis in head and neck carcinomas. , 1995, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[40]  R. Lufkin,et al.  Evaluation of cervical lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck , 1995, The Laryngoscope.

[41]  E. Franco,et al.  Factors Influencing Regional Lymph Node Metastasis from Laryngeal Carcinoma , 1995, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[42]  S. Stringer.  Current concepts in surgical management of neck metastases from head and neck cancer. , 1995, Oncology.

[43]  R H Hruban,et al.  Molecular assessment of histopathological staging in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[44]  K. Olsen,et al.  Primary head and neck cancer. Histopathologic predictors of recurrence after neck dissection in patients with lymph node involvement. , 1994, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[45]  J. Bosq,et al.  Lymph node prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. , 1994, American journal of surgery.

[46]  R. Spiro,et al.  Classification of neck dissection: variations on a new theme. , 1994, American journal of surgery.

[47]  Brachman Dg,et al.  Molecular biology of head and neck cancer. , 1994, Seminars in oncology.

[48]  J. Field,et al.  The level of cervical lymph node metastases: their prognostic relevance and relationship with head and neck squamous carcinoma primary sites. , 1994, Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences.

[49]  G. Snow,et al.  Assessment of lymph node metastases in the neck. , 1994, European journal of cancer. Part B, Oral oncology.

[50]  D. Brachman,et al.  Molecular biology of head and neck cancer. , 1994, Seminars in oncology.

[51]  J. Shah,et al.  Cervical lymph node metastasis. , 1993, Current problems in surgery.

[52]  G. Snow,et al.  Regional lymph node involvement and its significance in the development of distant metastases in head and neck carcinoma , 1993, Cancer.

[53]  M. Feinmesser,et al.  Role of modern imaging in decision‐making for elective neck dissection , 1992, Head & neck.

[54]  R. Carter,et al.  Pathology of squamous carcinomas of the head and neck , 1991, Current opinion in oncology.

[55]  J E Medina,et al.  Standardizing neck dissection terminology. Official report of the Academy's Committee for Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. , 1991, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[56]  K. Hirabayashi,et al.  Extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma in neck lymph nodes: Prognostic factor of laryngeal cancer , 1991, The Laryngoscope.

[57]  S. Shingaki,et al.  The value of single versus multiple sections for detection of lymph node metastasis. , 1991, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[58]  R. Byers.  Neck dissection: concepts, controversies, and technique. , 1991, Seminars in surgical oncology.

[59]  D. Soutar,et al.  Unexpected lymph node pathology in neck dissection for head and neck cancer , 1990, Head & neck.

[60]  J. Shah,et al.  Patterns of cervical node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the larynx. , 1990, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[61]  R. Grace,et al.  Detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal carcinoma before and after fat clearance , 1989, The British journal of surgery.

[62]  J. Medina.  A Rational Classification of Neck Dissections , 1989, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[63]  Zarbo Rj,et al.  The surgical pathology of head and neck cancer. , 1988 .

[64]  R. Zarbo,et al.  The surgical pathology of head and neck cancer. , 1988, Seminars in oncology.

[65]  P. Som,et al.  Lymph nodes of the neck. , 1987, Radiology.

[66]  D. Morgan,et al.  Preservation of neck dissection for histological study , 1987, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.

[67]  K. Soo,et al.  Radical neck dissections for squamous carcinomas: pathological findings and their clinical implications with particular reference to transcapsular spread. , 1987, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[68]  A. Sizeland,et al.  Lymph node dissection for head and neck cancer. , 1987, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.

[69]  J. Johnson,et al.  Clinical and pathological considerations in the evaluation of major head and neck specimens resected for cancer. Part II. , 1986, Pathology annual.

[70]  M. Alloisio,et al.  Prognostic significance of lymphatic spread in head and neck carcinomas: therapeutic implications. , 1985, Head & neck surgery.

[71]  T. D. Briant.  The treatment of cancer of the head and neck. , 1977, The Journal of otolaryngology.

[72]  D. Sessions.  Surgical pathology of cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx , 1976, The Laryngoscope.

[73]  H MARTIN,et al.  Neck dissection , 1951, Lyon chirurgical.

[74]  G. W. Taylor.  Surgical management of cervical lymph node metastases. , 1950, Radiology.