Experimental investigation on drag and heat flux reduction in supersonic/hypersonic flows: A survey

Abstract The drag and heat reduction problem of hypersonic vehicles has always attracted the attention worldwide, and the experimental test approach is the basis of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. In the current study, research progress of experimental investigations on drag and heat reduction are summarized by several kinds of mechanism, namely the forward-facing cavity, the opposing jet, the aerospike, the energy deposition and their combinational configurations, and the combinational configurations include the combinational opposing jet and forward-facing cavity concept and the combinational opposing jet and aerospike concept. The geometric models and flow conditions are emphasized, especially for the basic principle for the drag and heat flux reduction of each device. The measurement results of aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic are compared and analyzed as well, which can be a reference for assessing the accuracy of numerical results.

[1]  David B. Goldstein,et al.  Optimization of an axial nose-tip cavity for delaying ablation onset in hypersonic flow , 2003 .

[2]  Kentaro Hayashi,et al.  Effect of Pressure Ratio on Aerodynamic Heating Reduction due to Opposing Jet , 2003 .

[3]  Rong Yisheng,et al.  Drag reduction research in supersonic flow with opposing jet , 2013 .

[4]  L. Bazyma,et al.  Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Cylinder Cavity Flows , 2007 .

[5]  Numerical investigation on properties of attack angle for an opposing jet thermal protection system , 2012 .

[6]  K. Reddy,et al.  Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Aerospike Geometry on Aerodynamic Drag and Heat Transfer Rates for a Blunt Body Configuration at Hypersonic Mach Numbers , 2010 .

[7]  D. Goldstein,et al.  Use of an axial nose-tip cavity for delaying ablation onset in hypersonic flow , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[8]  Yu. A. Panov,et al.  Supersonic flow past a gas jet obstacle emerging from a plate , 1967 .

[9]  Kamyar Mansour,et al.  The drag reduction in spherical spiked blunt body , 2014 .

[10]  Jian Sun,et al.  Heat Flux Reduction Research in Hypersonic Flow with Opposing Jet , 2012 .

[11]  Erich Schülein,et al.  Effects of steady flow heating by arc discharge upstream of non-slender bodies , 2011 .

[12]  V. Kovalev,et al.  Tangential momentum and thermal accommodation coefficients for hydrogen molecules on graphite surface , 2011 .

[13]  D. Wilson,et al.  A preliminary investigation of the Helmholtz resonator concept for heat flux reduction , 1993 .

[14]  Lin Ma,et al.  Effect of geometric parameters on the drag of the cavity flameholder based on the variance analysis method , 2012 .

[15]  A. Oleinik.  Water filtration to partially penetrating wells in a two-layer confined stratum , 1967 .

[16]  V. I. Lagutin,et al.  Aerodynamic drag reduction by plasma and hot-gas injection , 2000 .

[17]  J. Menart,et al.  Hypersonic Flow over a Blunt Body with Plasma Injection , 2002 .

[18]  Ken Badcock,et al.  Driving Mechanisms of High-Speed Unsteady Spiked Body Flows, Part 2: Oscillation Mode , 2004 .

[19]  Wei Huang,et al.  Design exploration of three-dimensional transverse jet in a supersonic crossflow based on data mining and multi-objective design optimization approaches , 2014 .

[20]  Li Yan,et al.  Multi-objective design optimization of the transverse gaseous jet in supersonic flows , 2014 .

[21]  Steven P. Schneider,et al.  Measurements of Resonance in a Forward-Facing Cavity at Mach Six , 2015 .

[22]  A. Sasoh,et al.  Interaction between laser-induced plasma and shock wave over a blunt body in a supersonic flow , 2008 .

[23]  E. Erdem,et al.  Steady energy deposition at Mach 5 for drag reduction , 2012 .

[24]  R. Zhan,et al.  Research on thermal protection by opposing jet and transpiration for high speed vehicle , 2016 .

[25]  V. Kovalev,et al.  Simulation of hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotube arrays , 2011 .

[26]  P. J. Finley,et al.  The flow of a jet from a body opposing a supersonic free stream , 1966, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[27]  S. Das,et al.  Effect of spike on steady and unsteady flow over a blunt body at supersonic speed , 2016 .

[28]  Leonid Bazyma,et al.  Stabilization of Blunt Nose Cavity Flows by Using Energy Deposition , 2005 .

[29]  Noor A. Ahmed,et al.  A novel means of dissipation of shock wave induced heat in a high speed flow , 2013 .

[30]  Hypersonic forward-facing cavity flow - An experimental and numerical study , 1995 .

[31]  Reduction of aerodynamic heating with opposing jet through extended nozzle in high enthalpy flow , 2014 .

[32]  A. Sasoh,et al.  Drag Reduction of Blunt Body in a Supersonic Flow with Laser Energy Depositions , 2009 .

[33]  Lin Ma,et al.  Design exploration for a single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) using data mining , 2013 .

[34]  Wei Huang,et al.  Drag and heat reduction mechanism in the combinational opposing jet and acoustic cavity concept for hypersonic vehicles , 2015 .

[35]  K. Reddy,et al.  Experimental investigation of drag reduction by forward facing high speed gas jet for a large angle blunt cone at Mach 8 , 2007 .

[36]  Vinayak Kulkarni,et al.  Effectiveness of Aerospike for Drag Reduction on a Blunt Cone in Hypersonic Flow , 2010 .

[37]  Jun Liu,et al.  Investigation on high angle of attack characteristics of hypersonic space vehicle , 2012 .

[38]  M. Y. M. Ahmed,et al.  Recent advances in the aerothermodynamics of spiked hypersonic vehicles , 2011 .

[39]  I. N. Ivchenko,et al.  Kinetic theory of gas flow above a solid wall in a velocity gradient field , 1968 .

[40]  Kpj Reddy,et al.  Enhancement in counterflow drag reduction by supersonic jet in high enthalpy flows , 2008 .

[41]  J. S. Shang,et al.  Jet-Spike Bifurcation in High-Speed Flows , 2000 .

[42]  Josef Rom,et al.  Effect of a spike on the drag and on the aerodynamic stability of blunt bodies in supersonic flow , 1970 .

[43]  Kenji Suzuki,et al.  Breathing Blunt Nose for drag reduction at hypersonic speeds , 2008, J. Vis..

[44]  L. Huebner,et al.  Mach 10 bow-shock behavior of a forward-facing nose cavity , 1993 .

[45]  Yu. A. Panov,et al.  Interaction between a supersonic flow and gas issuing from a hole in a plate , 1968 .

[46]  Ethirajan Rathakrishnan,et al.  Drag Reduction for Spike Attached to Blunt-Nosed Body at Mach 6 , 2010 .

[47]  Anatoly A. Maslov,et al.  Influence of a Counterflow Plasma Jet on Supersonic Blunt-Body Pressures , 2002 .

[48]  Patrick Gnemmi,et al.  Flowfield Around Spike-Tipped Bodies for High Attack Angles at Mach 4.5 , 2003 .

[49]  Wei Huang.  Transverse jet in supersonic crossflows , 2016 .

[50]  S. Schneider,et al.  Measurements of the Interaction of an Upstream Laser Perturbation with a Forward-Facing Cavity , 2013 .

[51]  Wei Huang,et al.  Effect of cavity flame holder configuration on combustion flow field performance of integrated hypersonic vehicle , 2010 .

[52]  Numerical investigation on the thermal protection mechanism for blunt body with forward-facing cavity , 2016 .

[53]  Zonglin Jiang,et al.  Conceptual Study on Non-ablative TPS for Hypersonic Vehicles , 2011 .

[54]  Tsutomu Saito,et al.  Flow Fields of a Large-Angle, Spiked Blunt Cone at Hypersonic Mach Numbers , 2005 .

[55]  Wei Huang,et al.  Multidisciplinary design optimization approach and its application to aerospace engineering , 2014 .

[56]  Ten-See Wang,et al.  Dynamics of Shock Dispersion and Interactions in Supersonic Freestreams with Counterflowing Jets , 2009 .

[57]  Misagh Imani,et al.  Investigation of film cooling on nose cone by a forward facing array of micro-jets in Hypersonic flow , 2015 .

[58]  Li Yan,et al.  Progress in research on mixing techniques for transverse injection flow fields in supersonic crossflows , 2013, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A.

[59]  Steven P. Schneider,et al.  Physics of Resonance in a Supersonic Forward-Facing Cavity , 1998 .

[60]  Ugur Guven,et al.  Aerodynamic Heating of a Hypersonic Projectile with Forward-Facing Ellipsoid Cavity at Nose , 2015 .

[61]  Jiming Yang,et al.  Experimental and NumericalStudy of Hypersonic Type IV Shock Interaction on Blunt body with Forward FacingCavity , 2015 .

[62]  W. Calarese,et al.  Modes of shock-wave oscillations on spike-tipped bodies , 1983 .

[63]  C. H. E. Warren,et al.  An experimental investigation of the effect of ejecting a coolant gas at the nose of a bluff body , 1960, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[64]  Wei Huang,et al.  Heat flux reduction mechanism induced by a combinational opposing jet and cavity concept in supersonic flows , 2016 .

[65]  Dimitris Drikakis,et al.  High-speed unsteady flows around spiked-blunt bodies , 2009, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[66]  Gopalan Jagadeesh,et al.  Investigation of Missile-Shaped Body with Forward-Facing Cavity at Mach 8 , 2009 .

[67]  Guilai Han,et al.  Experimental demonstration of a new concept of drag reduction and thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles , 2009 .

[68]  V. I. Lapygin,et al.  Solution of the problems of spacecraft aerothermodynamics , 2012 .

[69]  E. Schülein,et al.  WAVE DRAG REDUCTION DUE TO A SELF-ALIGNING AERODISK , 2015 .

[70]  Erich Schülein,et al.  Wave drag reduction with a self-aligning aerodisk on a missile configuration , 2017 .

[71]  Shigeru Aso,et al.  Numerical study of thermal protection system by opposing jet , 2005 .

[72]  G. Jagadeesh,et al.  Film cooling at hypersonic Mach numbers using forward facing array of micro-jets , 2009 .

[73]  Xi-Wan Sun,et al.  Drag and heat reduction mechanism induced by a combinational novel cavity and counterflowing jet concept in hypersonic flows , 2016 .

[74]  Jul Hartmann.  On a New Method for the Generation of Sound-Waves , 1922 .

[75]  Takashige Imoto.  Enhancement of Aerodynamic Heating Reduction in High Enthalpy Flows with Opposing Jet , 2011 .

[76]  Hirotoshi Kubota,et al.  Thermal protection and drag reduction with use of spike in hypersonic flow , 2001 .

[77]  Masanori Ota,et al.  Reconstruction of the Unsteady Supersonic Flow around a Spike Using the Colored Background Oriented Schlieren Technique , 2013 .

[78]  D. Goldstein,et al.  Fluid Dynamics of Hypersonic Forward-Facing Cavity Flow , 1997 .

[79]  E. Rathakrishnan,et al.  Breathing blunt-nose concept for drag reduction in supersonic flow , 2009 .

[80]  Doyle Knight,et al.  Survey of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction at High Speed by Energy Deposition , 2008 .

[81]  A. Tahsini.  Heat release effects on drag reduction in high speed flows , 2013 .

[82]  Nummerical Simulation in Influence of Forward-Facing Cavity on Aerodynamic Heating of Hypersonic Vehicle , 2012 .

[83]  Shihe Yi,et al.  Supersonic flow imaging via nanoparticles , 2009 .

[84]  K. Yuceil,et al.  Nose cavity effects on blunt body pressure and temperatures at Mach 5 , 1995 .

[85]  Wei Huang,et al.  A survey of drag and heat reduction in supersonic flows by a counterflowing jet and its combinations , 2015 .

[86]  Shigeru Aso,et al.  Experimental Study on Thermal Protection System by Opposing Jet in Supersonic Flow , 2006 .

[87]  Yan-ji Hong,et al.  Interaction of single-pulse laser energy with bow shock in hypersonic flow , 2014 .

[88]  Wei Huang,et al.  Drag reduction mechanism induced by a combinational opposing jet and spike concept in supersonic flows , 2015 .

[89]  A. Zubkov,et al.  Experimental study of entropy extremality on stagnation streamline for supersonic flow about bodies , 1968 .

[90]  D. Goldstein,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF HYPERSONIC FORWARD-FACING CAVITY FLOW , 1996 .

[91]  IR imaging and shock visualization of flow over a blunt body with a nose cavity , 1996 .

[92]  K. Kontis,et al.  Drag Reduction by Energy Deposition in Hypersonic Flows , 2009 .

[93]  L. Huebner,et al.  Hypersonic flow over a cone with nose cavity , 1987 .

[94]  Akihiro Sasoh,et al.  Drag Reduction with High-Frequency Repetitive Side-On Laser Pulse Energy Depositions , 2010 .

[95]  Shibin Li,et al.  Drag and Heat Reduction Performance for an Equal Polygon Opposing Jet , 2017 .

[96]  Zhenguo Wang,et al.  Effect of the injector configuration for opposing jet on the drag and heat reduction , 2016 .

[97]  Akihiro Sasoh,et al.  Wave Drag Reduction with Acting Spike Induced by Laser-Pulse Energy Depositions , 2011 .

[98]  Yunfeng Liu,et al.  Concept of Non-Ablative Thermal Protection System for Hypersonic Vehicles , 2013 .

[99]  E. Erdem,et al.  Drag Reduction Studies by Steady Energy Deposition at Mach 5 , 2011 .

[100]  Gopalan Jagadeesh,et al.  Counterflow drag reduction by supersonic jet for a blunt body in hypersonic flow , 2006 .

[101]  Jun Liu,et al.  Influences of the turbulence model and the slot width on the transverse slot injection flow field in supersonic flows , 2012 .

[102]  A. Sasoh,et al.  Interactions among baroclinically-generated vortex rings in building up an acting spike to a bow shock layer , 2011 .

[103]  Qin Zheng,et al.  [The nasal mucosa permeability and toxicity of baicalin carrier systems liposomes, beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, and phospholipid complex]. , 2009, Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica.

[104]  Sidra I. Silton,et al.  Ablation Onset in Unsteady Hypersonic Flow About Nose Tip with Cavity , 2000 .

[105]  J. Shang.  Validation of Plasma Injection for Hypersonic Blunt-Body Drag Reduction , 2003 .

[106]  E. Erdem,et al.  Single Pulse Laser Energy Deposition in Quiescent Air and Hypersonic Flows , 2012 .

[107]  E. Marquart,et al.  Bow shock dynamics of a forward-facing nose cavity , 1987 .