Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical analysis of poly-(Azure A) on ITO electrode

Electrochromic behavior of poly-(Azure A )o nindium–tin oxide electrode is analyzed in an aqueous potassium nitrate solution. The dependence of the absorbance on the applied potential during cyclic voltammograms proves very interesting at two selected characteristic wavelengths: at 925 nm, attributed to an intermediate species and another at 735 nm, attributed to the oxidized form of the polymer. Molar absorptivity coefficients for both species have been calculated from the relationship between current and the derivative of absorbance with respect to time. Voltammograms of formation of the intermediate are simulated from spectroelectrochemical results. � 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[1]  L. M. Lira,et al.  On the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of a soluble polyaniline parent copolymer , 2002 .

[2]  A. Hillman,et al.  Experimental observations on transport phenomena accompanying redox switching in polythionine films immersed in strong acid solutions , 1990 .

[3]  S Zhang,et al.  Materials and techniques for electrochemical biosensor design and construction. , 2000, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[4]  A. Karyakin,et al.  Electropolymerized Azines: A New Group of Electroactive Polymers , 1999 .

[5]  Stanley Bruckenstein,et al.  Redox switching kinetics of polythionine films in aqueous acetic acid solutions , 1993 .

[6]  R. Corn,et al.  In situ polarization modulation—Fourier transform infrared spectroelectrochemistry of phenazine and phenothiazine dye films at polycrystalline gold electrodes , 1993 .

[7]  A. Matsuda,et al.  Coupled Electron‐Proton Transport in Electropolymerized Methylene Blue and the Influences of Its Protonation Level on the Rate of Electron Exchange with β‐Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide , 2004 .

[8]  György Inzelt,et al.  Poly(methylene blue) modified electrode sensor for haemoglobin , 1999 .

[9]  S. D. Torresi The Effect of Manganese Addition on Nickel-Hydroxide Electrodes with Emphasis on Its Electrochromic Properties , 1995 .

[10]  J. Joussot-Dubien,et al.  ÉTUDE EN SPECTROSCOPIE PAR ÉCLAIR DES COLORANTS THIAZINIQUES EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE , 1967 .

[11]  G. Inzelt,et al.  Monitoring of formation and redox transformations of poly(Methylene blue) films using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance , 1996 .

[12]  A. Hillman,et al.  Transport phenomena accompanying redox switching in polythionine films immersed in aqueous acetic acid solutions , 1990 .

[13]  M. Keddam,et al.  An electrochemical impedance and ac-electrogravimetry study of PNR films in aqueous salt media , 2002 .

[14]  R. H. Wopschall,et al.  Adsorption characteristics of the methylene blue system using stationary electrode polarography , 1967 .

[15]  G. Inzelt,et al.  Preparation and characterisation of polyaniline electrode modified with diamino-methylbenzoate , 2001 .

[16]  Ying Ma,et al.  Electrooxidative polymerization of phenothiazine derivatives on screen-printed carbon electrode and its application to determine NADH in flow injection analysis system. , 2004, Talanta.

[17]  S. D. Torresi,et al.  A highly efficient redox chromophore for simultaneous application in a photoelectrochemical dye sensitized solar cell and electrochromic devices , 2005 .

[18]  S. D. Torresi,et al.  Influence of dopant, pH and potential on the spectral changes of poly(o-methoxyaniline): relationship with the redox processes , 1997 .

[19]  J. Rubim,et al.  Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical (SERS) studies of the reduction of methylene blue on a silver electrode , 2002 .

[20]  A. Karyakin,et al.  The electrochemical polymerization of methylene blue and bioelectrochemical activity of the resulting film , 1993 .

[21]  V. Král,et al.  Citrate selectivity of poly(neutral red) electropolymerized films , 2004 .

[22]  J. Kong,et al.  Electropolymerization of thionine in neutral aqueous media and H2O2 biosensor based on poly(thionine) , 1999 .

[23]  C. Mousty Sensors and biosensors based on clay-modified electrodes: new trends , 2004 .

[24]  S. Mu,et al.  Electrochemical polymerization of azure A and properties of poly(azure A) , 2003 .

[25]  W. Janusz,et al.  Study of leuco-methylene blue film growth and its reoxidation on sulphur-modified Au-EQCN electrode , 2000 .

[26]  G. Inzelt,et al.  Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of the Formation and Redox Behavior of Poly(Neutral Red) Electrodes , 1999 .

[27]  Richard G Compton,et al.  Advances in the voltammetric analysis of small biologically relevant compounds. , 2002, Analytical biochemistry.

[28]  M. Archer,et al.  Dye-modified electrodes for photogalvanic cells , 1983 .

[29]  P. Somani,et al.  Electrochromic materials and devices: present and future , 2003, Materials Chemistry and Physics.

[30]  D. Shan,et al.  Detection of intermediate during the electrochemical polymerization of azure B and growth of poly(azure B) film , 2001 .

[31]  Hongyuan Chen,et al.  Electrochemical polymerization of toluidine blue and its application for the amperometric determination of β-d-glucose , 1998 .

[32]  J. Tkáč,et al.  Amperometric urea biosensor based on urease and electropolymerized toluidine blue dye as a pH-sensitive redox probe. , 2002, Bioelectrochemistry.

[33]  H. Ju,et al.  A reagentless hydrogen peroxide sensor based on incorporation of horseradish peroxidase in poly(thionine) film on a monolayer modified electrode , 1999 .

[34]  David C. Loveday,et al.  TRANSPORT OF NEUTRAL SPECIES IN ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER FILMS , 1991 .

[35]  A. Hillman,et al.  Transient Mass Excursions during Switching of Polythionine Films Between Equi‐Mass Equilibrium Redox States , 1990 .

[36]  T. Wen,et al.  Identification of electrochromic sites in poly(diphenylamine) using a novel absorbance–potential–wavelength profile , 2001 .

[37]  Xiuzhong Wang,et al.  Flow-injection analysis and voltammetric detection of NADH with a poly-Toluidine Blue modified electrode. , 2004, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[38]  H. Schmidt,et al.  Spectroelectrochemical detection of phenothiazine and phenoxazine derivatives covalently bound to self-assembled cystamine monolayers , 1995 .

[39]  A. Karyakin,et al.  Electropolymerization of phenothiazine, phenoxazine and phenazine derivatives: Characterization of the polymers by UV-visible difference spectroelectrochemistry and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy , 1995 .

[40]  V. Kertész,et al.  Electropolymerization of Methylene Blue Investigated Using On‐Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry , 2001 .