Impact of the aperture diameter on the energy efficiency of oxide-confined 850 nm high speed VCSELs

A new record for energy-efficient oxide-confined 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) particularly suited for optical interconnects is presented. Error-free performance at 25 Gb/s is achieved with only 56 fJ/bit of dissipated energy per quantum of information. The influence of the oxide-aperture diameter on the energy-efficiency of our VCSELs is determined by comparing the total and dissipated power versus the modulation bandwidth of devices with different aperture diameters. Trade-offs between various parameters such as threshold current, differential quantum efficiency, wall plug efficiency and differential resistance are investigated with respect to energy-efficiency. We show that our present single-mode VCSELs are more energy-efficient than our multimode ones.

[1]  Chen Chen,et al.  High-Speed Modulation of Index-Guided Implant-Confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers , 2009, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[2]  Johan S. Gustavsson,et al.  25 Gbit/s transmission over 500 m multimode fibre using 850 nm VCSEL with integrated mode filter , 2012 .

[3]  J. A. Lott,et al.  Energy-Efficient Oxide-Confined 850-nm VCSELs for Long-Distance Multimode Fiber Optical Interconnects , 2013, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[4]  Hong Liu,et al.  Scaling Optical Interconnects in Datacenter Networks Opportunities and Challenges for WDM , 2010, 2010 18th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects.

[5]  C. L. Schow,et al.  A 55Gb/s directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link , 2012, IEEE Photonics Conference 2012.

[6]  James K. Guenter,et al.  Reliability of various size oxide aperture VCSELs , 2002, 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2002. (Cat. No.02CH37345).

[7]  Hui Li,et al.  56 fJ dissipated energy per bit of oxide-confined 850 nm VCSELs operating at 25 Gbit/s , 2012 .

[8]  Johan S. Gustavsson,et al.  High-speed 850 nm VCSELs with 28 GHz modulation bandwidth , 2012, CLEO 2015.

[9]  P. Moser,et al.  81 fJ/bit energy-to-data ratio of 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for optical interconnects , 2011 .

[10]  Alex Mutig,et al.  40 Gbit/s error-free operation of oxide-confined 850 nm VCSEL , 2010 .

[11]  Alex Mutig,et al.  High-performance 980 nm VCSELs for 12.5 Gbit/s data transmission at 155°C and 49 Gbit/s at -14°C , 2012 .

[12]  Dieter Bimberg,et al.  Ultrafast VCSELs for Datacom , 2010, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[13]  Jeffrey A. Kash,et al.  Optical interconnects for high performance computing , 2012, 2009 Asia Communications and Photonics conference and Exhibition (ACP).

[14]  L. Coldren,et al.  Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits , 1995 .

[15]  Nikolai N. Ledentsov,et al.  120°C 20 Gbit/s operation of 980 nm VCSEL , 2008 .

[16]  David A. B. Miller,et al.  Device Requirements for Optical Interconnects to Silicon Chips , 2009, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[17]  Alex Mutig,et al.  85 °C error-free operation at 38 Gb/s of oxide-confined 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 2012 .

[18]  P. Moser,et al.  99 fJ/(bit$\cdot$ km) Energy to Data-Distance Ratio at 17 Gb/s Across 1 km of Multimode Optical Fiber With 850-nm Single-Mode VCSELs , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[19]  A F Benner,et al.  Optical interconnects in exascale supercomputers , 2010, 2010 IEEE Photinic Society's 23rd Annual Meeting.