Bimetallic Pt-Au nanocatalysts electrochemically deposited on boron-doped diamond electrodes for nonenzymatic glucose detection.

The enormous demand for medical diagnostics has encouraged the fabrication of high- performance sensing platforms for the detection of glucose. Nonenzymatic glucose sensors are coming ever closer to being used in practical applications. Bimetallic catalysts have been shown to be superior to single metal catalysts in that they have greater activity and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate the preparation, characterization, and electrocatalytic characteristics of a new bimetallic Pt/Au nanocatalyst. This nanocatalyst can easily be synthesized by electrodeposition by sequentially depositing Au and Pt on the surface of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. We characterized the nanocatalyst by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and voltammetry. The morphology and composition of the nanocatalyst can be easily controlled by adjusting the electrodeposition process and the molar ratio between the Pt and Au precursors. The electrocatalytic characteristics of a Pt/Au/BDD electrode for the nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose were systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode exhibits higher catalytic activity for glucose oxidation than Pt/BDD and Au/BDD electrodes. The best catalytic activity and stability was obtained with a Pt:Au molar ratio of 50:50. Moreover, the presence of Au can significantly enhance the long-term stability and poisoning tolerance during the electro-oxidation of glucose. Measurements of glucose using the Pt/Au/BDD electrode were linear in the range from 0.01 to 7.5mM, with a detection limit of 0.0077mM glucose. The proposed electrode performs selective electrochemical analysis of glucose in the presence of common interfering species (e.g., acetaminophen, uric and ascorbic acids), avoiding the generation of overlapping signals from such species.

[1]  Bin Fang,et al.  Silver oxide nanowalls grown on Cu substrate as an enzymeless glucose sensor. , 2009, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[2]  Huimin Wu,et al.  PtxNi/C nanostructured composites fabricated by chemical reduction and their application in non-enzymatic glucose sensors , 2014 .

[3]  Liaochuan Jiang,et al.  A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on CuO nanoparticles-modified carbon nanotube electrode. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[4]  Hongli Zhao,et al.  Highly sensitive and selective nonenzymatic detection of glucose using three-dimensional porous nickel nanostructures. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Sejin Park,et al.  Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[6]  Nam Hoon Kim,et al.  Effective seed-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles anchored nitrogen-doped graphene for electrochemical detection of glucose and dopamine. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Mian Li,et al.  Electrodeposition of nickel oxide and platinum nanoparticles on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide film as a nonenzymatic glucose sensor , 2014 .

[8]  Qiang Xu,et al.  Synergistic Catalysis over Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles , 2013 .

[9]  Yasuaki Einaga,et al.  Design and fabrication of nickel microdisk-arrayed diamond electrodes for a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on control of diffusion profiles. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  Glucose Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Ensembles , 2004 .

[11]  T. Ivandini,et al.  Selective detection method derived from a controlled diffusion process at metal-modified diamond electrodes. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  I. Chang,et al.  Glucose sensing by electrochemically grown copper nanobelt electrode , 2009 .

[13]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose based on palladium-single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  Dianping Tang,et al.  Eggshell membrane-templated synthesis of 3D hierarchical porous Au networks for electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose sensor. , 2017, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[15]  N. Kim,et al.  A novel hierarchical 3D N-Co-CNT@NG nanocomposite electrode for non-enzymatic glucose and hydrogen peroxide sensing applications. , 2017, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[16]  T. Zhao,et al.  Facile Preparation of AuPt Alloy Nanoparticles from Organometallic Complex Precursor , 2008 .

[17]  Peter N. Njoki,et al.  Phase Properties of Carbon-Supported Gold−Platinum Nanoparticles with Different Bimetallic Compositions , 2005 .

[18]  Aicheng Chen,et al.  Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on nanoporous PtPb networks. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  M. Chan-Park,et al.  3D graphene-cobalt oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor and enzymeless glucose detection. , 2012, ACS nano.

[20]  Xiaoping Song,et al.  Facile water-assisted synthesis of cupric oxide nanourchins and their application as nonenzymatic glucose biosensor. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[21]  Wei Huang,et al.  Free-standing electrochemical electrode based on Ni(OH)2/3D graphene foam for nonenzymatic glucose detection. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[22]  Jeng‐Kuei Chang,et al.  High-selectivity electrochemical non-enzymatic sensors based on graphene/Pd nanocomposites functionalized with designated ionic liquids. , 2017, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  Mian Li,et al.  One-pot ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of highly dispersed PtPd nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide composites for nonenzymatic glucose detection. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[24]  Orawon Chailapakul,et al.  Electrochemical detection for paper-based microfluidics. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[25]  Jingzhou Yin,et al.  Research on nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor using HO-BiONO3 nanocomposites for glucose detection , 2017 .

[26]  M. Wooten,et al.  Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles and Electrocatalysis of Glucose Oxidation. , 2016, Electrochimica acta.

[27]  Ning Wang,et al.  Detection of glucose based on bimetallic PtCu nanochains modified electrodes. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  Kang Wang,et al.  Highly Ordered Platinum‐Nanotubule Arrays for Amperometric Glucose Sensing , 2005 .

[29]  Yu Lei,et al.  Electrospun Co3O4 nanofibers for sensitive and selective glucose detection. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[30]  Hua Li,et al.  A highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on bimetallic Cu-Ag superstructures. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[31]  Ping Wu,et al.  Bimetallic Pt-Au nanocatalysts electrochemically deposited on graphene and their electrocatalytic characteristics towards oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[32]  Yu-Lun Chueh,et al.  Honeycomb-like Porous Carbon-Cobalt Oxide Nanocomposite for High-Performance Enzymeless Glucose Sensor and Supercapacitor Applications. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[33]  B. Bhat,et al.  Multi-wall carbon nanotube–NiO nanoparticle composite as enzyme-free electrochemical glucose sensor , 2015 .

[34]  T. Mallouk,et al.  Combinatorial discovery of alloy electrocatalysts for amperometric glucose sensors. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  F. Marken,et al.  Microwave activation of the electro-oxidation of glucose in alkaline media. , 2005, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[36]  Yu.B. Vassilyev,et al.  Kinetics and mechanism of glucose electrooxidation on different electrode-catalysts: Part I. Adsorption and oxidation on platinum , 1985 .

[37]  Huang-Kai Lin,et al.  (110)-exposed gold nanocoral electrode as low onset potential selective glucose sensor. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[38]  K. Sasaki,et al.  Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters , 2007, Science.

[39]  Wei Gao,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose detection by using a three-dimensionally ordered, macroporous platinum template. , 2005, Chemistry.

[40]  Ib Chorkendorff,et al.  Understanding the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on platinum and its alloys , 2012 .

[41]  Y. Xiong,et al.  Bimetallic MCo (M = Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn) nanoparticles doped-carbon nanofibers synthetized by electrospinning for nonenzymatic glucose detection , 2015 .

[42]  Peixiang Cai,et al.  A sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor in alkaline media with a copper nanocluster/multiwall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2007, Analytical biochemistry.

[43]  Shen-Ming Chen,et al.  Heteroatom-enriched porous carbon/nickel oxide nanocomposites as enzyme-free highly sensitive sensors for detection of glucose , 2015 .

[44]  Fei Xiao,et al.  One-step electrochemical synthesis of PtNi nanoparticle-graphene nanocomposites for nonenzymatic amperometric glucose detection. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[45]  Sejin Park,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose detection using mesoporous platinum. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[46]  Yingying Yin,et al.  Synthesis of Ni/Au multilayer nanowire arrays for ultrasensitive non-enzymatic sensing of glucose , 2017 .

[47]  J. Luong,et al.  Electrochemical biosensing platforms using platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[48]  Yunbin He,et al.  Synthesis of highly dispersed Pt nanoclusters anchored graphene composites and their application for non-enzymatic glucose sensing , 2015 .