THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. IV. TWO SUPER-JUPITERS IN A 3:5 RESONANCE ORBITING THE GIANT STAR HD 33844

We report the discovery of two giant planets orbiting the K giant HD 33844 based on radial velocity data from three independent campaigns. The planets move on nearly circular orbits with semimajor axes $a_b=1.60\pm$0.02 AU and $a_c=2.24\pm$0.05 AU, and have minimum masses (m sin $i$) of $M_b=1.96\pm$0.12 Mjup and $M_c=1.76\pm$0.18 Mjup. Detailed N-body dynamical simulations show that the two planets remain on stable orbits for more than $10^6$ years for low eccentricities, and are most likely trapped in a mutual 3:5 mean-motion resonance.

[1]  Tobias C. Hinse,et al.  A detailed investigation of the proposed NN Serpentis planetary system , 2012 .

[2]  R. Wittenmyer,et al.  Revisiting the proposed planetary system orbiting the eclipsing polar HU Aquarii , 2011, 1110.2542.

[3]  C. G. Tinney,et al.  ON THE FREQUENCY OF JUPITER ANALOGS , 2010, 1011.4720.

[4]  B. Sato,et al.  Radial-Velocity Variability of G-Type Giants: First Three Years of the Okayama Planet Search Program , 2005 .

[5]  R. P. Butler,et al.  ATTAINING DOPPLER PRECISION OF 3 M S-1 , 1996 .

[6]  W. Cochran,et al.  Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program , 2006, astro-ph/0604171.

[7]  J. Jenkins,et al.  No evidence of the planet orbiting the extremely metal-poor extragalactic star HIP 13044 , 2014, 1401.0517.

[8]  Jonathan Horner,et al.  A detailed dynamical investigation of the proposed QS Virginis planetary system , 2013 .

[9]  Miguel de Val-Borro,et al.  HATS-4b: A DENSE HOT JUPITER TRANSITING A SUPER METAL-RICH G STAR , 2014, The Astronomical Journal.

[10]  K. Cunha,et al.  STELLAR PARAMETERS AND METALLICITIES OF STARS HOSTING JOVIAN AND NEPTUNIAN MASS PLANETS: A POSSIBLE DEPENDENCE OF PLANETARY MASS ON METALLICITY , 2010, 1007.2681.

[11]  R. P. Butler,et al.  Observing Strategies for the Detection of Jupiter Analogs , 2013, 1303.3336.

[12]  L. Girardi,et al.  Theoretical isochrones in several photometric systems I. Johnson-Cousins-Glass, HST/WFPC2, HST/NICMOS, Washington, and ESO Imaging Survey filter sets , 2002, astro-ph/0205080.

[13]  David D. Walker,et al.  Final tests and commissioning of the UCL echelle spectrograph , 1990, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation.

[14]  D. Lin,et al.  ASSEMBLING THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF GIANT PLANETS AROUND INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS , 2008, 0806.1521.

[15]  W. Cochran,et al.  Long-lived, long-period radial velocity variations in Aldebaran: A planetary companion and stellar activity , 2015, 1505.03454.

[16]  J. Valenti,et al.  The Planet-Metallicity Correlation , 2005 .

[17]  Paul Robertson,et al.  Hα ACTIVITY OF OLD M DWARFS: STELLAR CYCLES AND MEAN ACTIVITY LEVELS FOR 93 LOW-MASS STARS IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD , 2012, 1211.6091.

[18]  S. Ida,et al.  PLANET ENGULFMENT BY ∼1.5–3 M☉ RED GIANTS , 2011, 1106.2251.

[19]  R. Wittenmyer,et al.  RESONANCES REQUIRED: DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE 24 Sex AND HD 200964 PLANETARY SYSTEMS , 2012, 1211.1078.

[20]  J. Johnson,et al.  THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. II. CONFIRMATION OF A TWO-PLANET SYSTEM AROUND HD 121056 , 2014, 1412.6889.

[21]  R. P. Butler,et al.  FOREVER ALONE? TESTING SINGLE ECCENTRIC PLANETARY SYSTEMS FOR MULTIPLE COMPANIONS , 2013, 1307.0894.

[22]  J. Chambers.  A hybrid symplectic integrator that permits close encounters between massive bodies , 1999 .

[23]  C. Tinney,et al.  The impact of stellar oscillations on doppler velocity planet searches , 2007, 0706.3548.

[24]  W. Cochran,et al.  The Radial Velocity and Spectral Line Bisector Variability of Polaris , 2000 .

[25]  W. Cochran,et al.  THE McDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH: NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS AND TWO INTERACTING JUPITERS IN THE HD 155358 SYSTEM , 2012, 1202.0265.

[26]  D. Latham,et al.  ROTATIONAL AND RADIAL VELOCITIES FOR A SAMPLE OF 761 HIPPARCOS GIANTS AND THE ROLE OF BINARITY , 2007 .

[27]  Katherine M. Deck,et al.  FIRST-ORDER RESONANCE OVERLAP AND THE STABILITY OF CLOSE TWO-PLANET SYSTEMS , 2013, 1307.8119.

[28]  John Asher Johnson,et al.  Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane , 2010, 1005.3084.

[29]  Debra A. Fischer,et al.  The Exoplanet Orbit Database , 2010, 1012.5676.

[30]  R. P. Butler,et al.  THE ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN PLANET SEARCH. XXII. TWO NEW MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS , 2012, 1205.2765.

[31]  Eva Villaver,et al.  Can Planets Survive Stellar Evolution? , 2007, astro-ph/0702724.

[32]  M. Endl,et al.  THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. I. A GIANT PLANET ORBITING 7 CMa , 2011, 1111.1007.

[33]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  Two New Planets from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search , 2001 .

[34]  Santiago Arribas,et al.  The effective temperature scale of giant stars (F0–K5) - II. Empirical calibration of versus colours and [Fe/H] , 1999 .

[35]  D. Queloz,et al.  Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program - Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes , 2008, 0805.4826.

[36]  Jack Wisdom,et al.  The resonance overlap criterion and the onset of stochastic behavior in the restricted three-body problem , 1980 .

[37]  F. V. Leeuwen.  Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction , 2007, 0708.1752.

[38]  Edwin L. Turner,et al.  APJ IN PRESS Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 10/09/06 ON THE ECCENTRICITY DISTRIBUTION OF EXOPLANETS FROM RADIAL VELOCITY SURVEYS , 2022 .

[39]  M. Endl,et al.  The Weihai Observatory Search for Close-in Planets Orbiting Giant Stars , 2015, 1507.06051.

[40]  Robert A. Wittenmyer,et al.  On the dynamical stability of the proposed planetary system orbiting NSVS 14256825 , 2013, 1302.4137.

[41]  Andreas Quirrenbach,et al.  Precise Radial Velocities of Giant Stars VII. Occurrence Rate of Giant Extrasolar Planets as a Function of Mass and Metallicity , 2014, 1412.4634.

[42]  W. Cochran,et al.  A SECOND GIANT PLANET IN 3:2 MEAN-MOTION RESONANCE IN THE HD 204313 SYSTEM , 2012, 1205.3689.

[43]  Gerardo Avila,et al.  Commissioning FEROS, the new high-resolution spectrograph at La Silla. , 1999 .

[44]  M. Zechmeister,et al.  The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms , 2009, 0901.2573.

[45]  R. P. Butler,et al.  THE ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN PLANET SEARCH. XXI. A GAS-GIANT PLANET IN A ONE YEAR ORBIT AND THE HABITABILITY OF GAS-GIANT SATELLITES , 2011 .

[46]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  First Results from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search: A Brown Dwarf Candidate and a 51 Peg-like Planet , 2000, astro-ph/0012204.

[47]  Brett Gladman,et al.  Dynamics of Systems of Two Close Planets , 1993 .

[48]  Nancy Houk,et al.  Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars , 1975 .

[49]  S. Ida,et al.  FIVE NEW EXOPLANETS ORBITING THREE METAL-RICH, MASSIVE STARS: TWO-PLANET SYSTEMS INCLUDING LONG-PERIOD PLANETS AND AN ECCENTRIC PLANET , 2015, 1503.07636.

[50]  Andreas Quirrenbach,et al.  Precise radial velocities of giant stars VIII. Testing for the presence of planets with CRIRES Infrared Radial Velocities , 2015, 1508.04769.

[51]  D. Schlegel,et al.  Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds , 1998 .

[52]  Astrophysics,et al.  Systemic: A Testbed for Characterizing the Detection of Extrasolar Planets. I. The Systemic Console Package , 2009, 0907.1675.

[53]  R. P. Butler,et al.  The Pan-Pacific Planet Search III: five companions orbiting giant stars , 2015, 1510.04343.

[54]  Christophe Lovis,et al.  Planetary detection limits taking into account stellar noise - I. Observational strategies to reduce stellar oscillation and granulation effects , 2010, 1010.2616.

[55]  J. Jenkins,et al.  A planetary system and a highly eccentric brown dwarf around the giant stars HIP67851 and HIP97233 , 2014, 1409.7429.

[56]  S. Arribas,et al.  Erratum The effective temperature scale of giant stars (F0-K5) - II. Empirical calibration of $T_{\mathsf {eff}}$ versus colours and [Fe/H] , 2001 .

[57]  Michael C. Liu,et al.  RETIRED A STARS AND THEIR COMPANIONS. III. COMPARING THE MASS–PERIOD DISTRIBUTIONS OF PLANETS AROUND A-TYPE STARS AND SUN-LIKE STARS , 2009, 0912.0518.

[58]  R. P. Butler,et al.  DETERMINING SPECTROMETER INSTRUMENTAL PROFILES USING FTS REFERENCE SPECTRA , 1995 .

[59]  B. Sato,et al.  A Massive Substellar Companion to the Massive Giant HD 119445 , 2009, 0906.3762.

[60]  S Ida,et al.  Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation. III. Mass Distribution of Short-Period Planets around Stars of Various Masses , 2005 .

[61]  J. Jenkins,et al.  Study of the impact of the post-MS evolution of the host star on the orbits of close-in planets - II. A giant planet in a close-in orbit around the RGB star HIP 63242 , 2013, 1306.3939.

[62]  Jason T. Wright,et al.  An Eccentric Hot Jupiter Orbiting the Subgiant HD 185269 , 2006, astro-ph/0608035.

[63]  C. G. Tinney,et al.  Selection functions in doppler planet searches , 2008, 0810.1589.

[64]  Pierre Demarque,et al.  The Y2 Stellar Evolutionary Tracks , 2002, astro-ph/0210201.

[65]  C. Eiroa,et al.  The metallicity signature of evolved stars with planets , 2013, 1303.3418.

[66]  E. Villaver,et al.  FORETELLINGS OF RAGNARÖK: WORLD-ENGULFING ASYMPTOTIC GIANTS AND THE INHERITANCE OF WHITE DWARFS , 2012, 1210.0328.

[67]  J. Jenkins,et al.  Study of the impact of the post-MS evolution of the host star on the orbits of close-in planets - I. Sample definition and physical properties , 2011, 1110.6459.

[68]  U. Heiter,et al.  Giants in the Local Region , 2007 .

[69]  R. P. Butler,et al.  A long-period planet orbiting a nearby Sun-like star , 2009, 0912.2716.