Crossing-channel waveguide electrooptic modulators

This paper presents a general theoretical investigation of the integrated-optical crossing-channel waveguide electrooptic modulator (sometimes called a "TIR" modulator). The theoretical model is based upon the analysis of mode conversion during propagation through the device. The theoretical results are compared to experimental data. The operation of these modulators can be roughly divided into two classes, reflective-type and mode-interference-type devices, based upon an "adiabatic criterion" (made up of the optical wavelength, the waveguide width, and waveguide crossing angle) and upon the number of modes supported by the waveguide.

[1]  L. Johnson,et al.  Coupling between successive Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide bends and branches. , 1984, Applied optics.

[2]  Siamak Forouhar,et al.  Effects of water vapor on modes in Ti‐indiffused LiNbO3 planar waveguides , 1984 .

[3]  R. Alferness,et al.  Mode size and method for estimating the propagation constant of single-mode Ti:LiNbO 3 strip waveguides , 1982 .

[4]  S. Oikawa,et al.  Optical waveguide intersections without light leak. , 1977, Applied optics.

[5]  S. Tonchev,et al.  Optical Multimode X-Switch in Ti-Diffused LiNbO3 , 1985 .

[6]  L. M. Walpita,et al.  Solutions for planar optical waveguide equations by selecting zero elements in a characteristic matrix , 1985 .

[7]  A. Neyer.  Electro-optic X-switch using single-mode Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides , 1983 .

[8]  J. E. Watson,et al.  Coupling of intersecting Ti:LiNbO3 diffused waveguides. , 1984, Applied optics.

[9]  J. Goell.  A circular-harmonic computer analysis of rectangular dielectric waveguides , 1969 .

[10]  H F Taylor,et al.  Losses at corner bends in dielectric waveguides. , 1977, Applied optics.

[11]  William K. Burns,et al.  Mode conversion in planar-dielectric separating waveguides , 1975 .

[12]  C. Pitt,et al.  Optical power division in a multimode-waveguide intersection , 1976 .

[13]  W. Burns,et al.  Mode coupling in optical waveguide horns , 1977 .

[14]  L. Thylen,et al.  A beam propagation method analysis of active and passive waveguide crossings , 1985, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  M. Feit,et al.  Light propagation in graded-index optical fibers. , 1978, Applied optics.

[16]  M. Haruna,et al.  Electro-optic branching-waveguide switch with low drive voltage. , 1983, Optics letters.

[17]  A. Neyer.  Operation mechanism of electrooptic multimode X-switches , 1984 .

[18]  I. Anderson,et al.  Theoretical and experimental studies on active Y-junctions in optical waveguides , 1978 .

[19]  M Haruna,et al.  Passive planar multibranch optical power divider: some design considerations. , 1983, Applied optics.

[20]  K. Muto,et al.  Mirror-type optical branch and switch. , 1978, Applied optics.

[21]  E. A. J. Marcatili,et al.  Dielectric rectangular waveguide and directional coupler for integrated optics , 1969 .

[22]  S. Sheem,et al.  Total internal reflection integrated-optics switch: a theoretical evaluation. , 1978, Applied optics.

[23]  Michel Papuchon,et al.  Electrically active optical bifurcation: BOA , 1977 .