Role of amplifiers gain on the achievable information rate of M-ary PSK and QAM constellations

Abstract The impact of optical amplification on the achievable information rate (AIR) is evaluated, considering continuous and discrete modulation formats. The theoretical model for the AIR considers the optical amplification noise, the nonlinear optical noise, and the coherent receiver shot and thermal noise sources. Two different scenarios for the AIR are analyzed. First, we admit that the gain of each optical amplifier under or over compensate the previous fiber span loss. After that, we consider the case where we remove optical amplifiers from the transmission link. Results show that for the first scenario, when we under or over compensate the span loss the AIR tends to decrease. Nevertheless, for low cardinality constellations the AIR is not primarily limited by the gain of the optical amplifiers. In the second scenario, results show that it is possible to remove amplification stages from the end to the beginning of the transmission link without decreasing the AIR. We observe that for a polarization multiplexing (PM) 4-PSK constellation the plateau of 4 bits/symbol is preserved even if we remove the last two amplifiers from the transmission link.

[1]  E. Forestieri,et al.  Achievable Information Rate in Nonlinear WDM Fiber-Optic Systems With Arbitrary Modulation Formats and Dispersion Maps , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  Qunbi Zhuge,et al.  Analytical and experimental performance evaluation of an integrated Si-photonic balanced coherent receiver in a colorless scenario. , 2014, Optics express.

[3]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  The GN-Model of Fiber Non-Linear Propagation and its Applications , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[4]  Polina Bayvel,et al.  On Achievable Rates for Long-Haul Fiber-Optic Communications , 2015, Optics express.

[5]  Norbert Hanik,et al.  Digital back-propagation of a superchannel: Achievable rates and adaption of the GN model , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[6]  S. K. Turitsyn,et al.  Conditional probability calculations for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with additive noise , 2014, Physical review letters.

[7]  Govind P. Agrawal,et al.  Nonlinear Fiber Optics , 1989 .

[8]  Gabriella Bosco,et al.  Extension and validation of the GN model for non-linear interference to uncompensated links using Raman amplification. , 2013, Optics express.

[9]  Gerhard Kramer,et al.  Capacity limits of information transport in fiber-optic networks. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[10]  G. Bosco,et al.  Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Uncompensated Optical Coherent Transmission Links , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[11]  Guifang Li,et al.  Electronic post-compensation of WDM transmission impairments using coherent detection and digital signal processing. , 2008, Optics express.

[12]  Joseph C. Palais,et al.  Fiber Optic Communications Systems , 2002 .

[13]  J. Kahn,et al.  Compensation of Dispersion and Nonlinear Impairments Using Digital Backpropagation , 2008, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[14]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  Advanced Optical Modulation Formats , 2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[15]  Yongcheng Li,et al.  Explore Maximal Potential Capacity of WDM Optical Networks Using Time Domain Hybrid Modulation Technique , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[16]  P. Mitra,et al.  The channel capacity of a fiber optics communication system , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[17]  P. Littlewood,et al.  The effect of propagation nonlinearities on the information capacity of WDM optical fiber systems: cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing , 2004 .

[18]  F. Guiomar,et al.  Time-Domain Volterra-Based Digital Backpropagation for Coherent Optical Systems , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  E. Ip,et al.  Nonlinear Compensation Using Backpropagation for Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[20]  Keang-Po Ho,et al.  Spectral efficiency limits and modulation/detection techniques for DWDM systems , 2004, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[21]  Sofia B. Amado,et al.  Fully Blind Linear and Nonlinear Equalization for 100G PM-64QAM Optical Systems , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[22]  C. Crognale.  Sensitivity and Power Budget of a Homodyne Coherent DP-QPSK System With Optical Amplification and Electronic Compensation , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[23]  Paul H. Siegel,et al.  On the Multiuser Capacity of WDM in a Nonlinear Optical Fiber: Coherent Communication , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[24]  P. Winzer,et al.  Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[25]  Ronen Dar,et al.  Properties of nonlinear noise in long, dispersion-uncompensated fiber links , 2013, Optics express.

[26]  Carl R. Davidson,et al.  Multi-Dimensional Coded Modulation in Long-Haul Fiber Optic Transmission , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[27]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  Analytical Modeling of Nonlinear Propagation in Uncompensated Optical Transmission Links , 2011, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[28]  I. Djordjevic,et al.  Achievable information rates for high-speed long-haul optical transmission , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[29]  René-Jean Essiambre,et al.  Capacity Trends and Limits of Optical Communication Networks , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[30]  Gabriella Bosco,et al.  EGN model of non-linear fiber propagation. , 2014, Optics express.

[31]  Partha P. Mitra,et al.  Nonlinear limits to the information capacity of optical fibre communications , 2000, Nature.

[32]  Joseph M. Kahn,et al.  Channel capacity of WDM systems using constant-intensity modulation formats , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[33]  M. Shtaif,et al.  On the capacity of intensity modulated systems using optical amplifiers , 2001, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[34]  B. Vasic,et al.  Calculation of Achievable Information Rates of Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems using Instanton Approach , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.

[35]  C. E. SHANNON,et al.  A mathematical theory of communication , 1948, MOCO.

[36]  E. Torrengo,et al.  Experimental validation of an analytical model for nonlinear propagation in uncompensated optical links , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[37]  P. Mitra,et al.  The channel capacity of a fiber optics communication system: perturbation theory , 2000, physics/0007033.

[38]  A. Carena,et al.  Analytical results on channel capacity in uncompensated optical links with coherent detection , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[39]  Jau Tang.  The channel capacity of a multispan DWDM system employing dispersive nonlinear optical fibers and an ideal coherent optical receiver , 2002 .

[40]  Keang-Po Ho.  Exact evaluation of the capacity for intensity-modulated direct-detection channels with optical amplifier noises , 2005 .

[41]  R S Tucker,et al.  Green Optical Communications—Part I: Energy Limitations in Transport , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[42]  K. Turitsyn,et al.  Information capacity of optical fiber channels with zero average dispersion. , 2003, Physical review letters.