ENHANCEMENT OF SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION IN HAIRY ROOT CULTURES OF BETA VULGARIS AND TAGETES PATULA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MICROALGAL ELICITORS

The effect of aqueous extracts of green alga-Haematococcus pluvialis and blue green alga-Spirulina platensis was studied for accumulation of betalaines (food colourant) and thiophenes (insecticide useful against food grain spoilage) in hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris and Tagetes patula, respectively. It was found that upon treatment with extracts (100 μg dry cell extract/ml of the culture medium each) of H. pluvialis and S. platensis there was an increase in biomass of cultured Beta vulgaris hairy roots which was 165.3 g fresh wt/L (14.38 g dry wt/L) and 149.4 g fresh wt/L (13 g dry wt/L), respectively from the initial inoculum of 1.25 g fresh wt/L (0.115 g dry wt/L). The accumulation of betalaines showed an increase of 2.28 fold on 15th day in hairy root culture treated with H. pluvialis over the control (7.9 mg/g dry wt) on the same day from the initial level of 0.67 mg/g dry wt. Similarly S. platensis extract treated hairy roots showed elicitation of betalaines 1.16 fold on 25th day over the control (11.08 mg/g dry wt) from the initial level of 0.67 mg/g dry wt. It was also observed that the H. pluvialis extract also influenced the biomass production in T. patula hairy roots which was 1.4 fold higher than the control (40 g fresh wt/L or 3.21 g dry wt/L) on 20th day from the initial inoculum of 1.25 g fresh wt/L (0.105 g dry wt/L). Whereas the accumulation of thiophene increased by 1.2 fold in cultures treated with H. pluvialis extract on the 20th day over the untreated control (510 μg/g dry wt) from the initial level of 200 μg/g dry wt, while S. platensis extract did not influence the growth as well as thiophene accumulation. In conclusion S. platensis extract influenced elicitation of betalaines in B. vulgaris hairy roots where as H. pluvialis extract elicited betalaine and thiophene production in hairy root cultures of B. vulgaris and T. patula respectively.

[1]  Gokare A. Ravishankar,et al.  Elicitation of thiophene production by cultured hairy roots of Tagetes patula , 1999, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.

[2]  Production of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cultured in various media. , 1999 .

[3]  J. Parada,et al.  Lactic acid bacteria growth promoters from Spirulina platensis. , 1998, International journal of food microbiology.

[4]  S. Rao,et al.  Phycocyanin, a new elicitor for capsaicin and anthocyanin accumulation in plant cell cultures , 1996, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[5]  I. Karube,et al.  Elicitor for red pigment formation in Carthamus tinctorius cultured cells , 1994 .

[6]  H. E. Flores,et al.  Biotransformation of butylated hydroxytoluene in hairy root' cultures , 1994 .

[7]  M. Kino‐oka,et al.  Influence of medium constituents on enhancement of pigment production by batch culture of red beet hairy roots , 1994 .

[8]  T. Furuya,et al.  Biotransformation of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by ginseng hairy root culture☆ , 1993 .

[9]  L. Toivonen.  TOPICAL PAPER: Utilization of Hairy Root Cultures for Production of Secondary Metabolites , 1993 .

[10]  M. Kino‐oka,et al.  Production and release of pigments by culture of transformed hairy root of red beet , 1992 .

[11]  J. Tramper,et al.  Growth and thiophene production by hairy root cultures of Tagetes patula in various two-liquid-phase bioreactors. , 1991 .

[12]  A. Stafford.  The manufacture of food ingredients using plant cell and tissue cultures , 1991 .

[13]  M. Shankaranarayana,et al.  Studies on different methods of extraction of betalaines from red beet (Beta vulgaris) , 1990 .

[14]  T. Furuya,et al.  Biotransformation of digitoxigenin by ginseng hairy root cultures. , 1990, Phytochemistry.

[15]  T. Furuya,et al.  Glycosylation of phenolic compounds by root culture of Panax ginseng , 1989 .

[16]  A. Nishi,et al.  The elicitation of phytoalexins by Ca2+ and cyclic AMP in carrot cells , 1987 .

[17]  R. Dixon.  THE PHYTOALEXIN RESPONSE: ELICITATION, SIGNALLING AND CONTROL OF HOST GENE EXPRESSION , 1986 .

[18]  A. Toppan,et al.  Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions : IV. Fungal Glycopeptides Which Elicit the Synthesis of Ethylene in Plants. , 1984, Plant physiology.

[19]  H. Okamoto,et al.  Effects of hyphal wall components of Phytophthora infestans on membrane potential of potato tuber cells , 1982 .

[20]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Localization of Fungal Components in the Pea-Fusarium Interaction Detected Immunochemically with Anti-chitosan and Anti-fungal Cell Wall Antisera. , 1981, Plant physiology.

[21]  K. Yamauchi,et al.  De Novo Messenger RNA and Protein Synthesis Are Required for Phytoalexin-mediated Disease Resistance in Soybean Hypocotyls. , 1978, Plant physiology.

[22]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Mode of Pisatin Induction: Increased Template Activity and Dye-binding Capacity of Chromatin Isolated from Polypeptide-treated Pea Pods. , 1974, Plant physiology.

[23]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures , 1962 .