An Autosegmental-Metrical Analysis and Prosodic Annotation Conventions for Cantonese*

This paper introduces the C_ToBI (Cantonese Tones and Break Indices) conventions for modern Cantonese. These conventions, developed within the Autosegmental-Metrical approach of the ToBI framework, are designed for use in annotating and exploring tone and juncture phenomena in spoken Cantonese corpora. Tone and juncture phenomena of especial interest for prosodic typology include: the rather strict monosyllabicity of Cantonese wordforms; the absence of contrast between “stressed” and reduced (“neutral tone”) syllables; and the extremely dense syntagmatic tonal specification, including non-segmental boundary tones. All three characteristics set Cantonese apart from Mandarin Chinese. Another phenomenon of interest is that, despite the existence of syllable fusion in Cantonese, there seems to be no reliable categorical markings of intermediate levels of prosodic grouping between the syllable and the intonational phrase, unlike in Greek, Korean, and the Wu varieties of Chinese. The C_ToBI conventions proposed here are intended to facilitate the development of the large prosodically-annotated speech corpora that are needed to address these issues and the many other outstanding questions concerning the prosodic structure of modern Cantonese.