Smart Phone Video Game Simulation of Parent-Child Interaction: Learning Skills for Effective Vegetable Parenting

Higher levels of vegetable intake have been associated with decreased risks of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, several cancers, and possibly obesity, but vegetable intake is generally low. Preference is an important determinant of vegetable intake, and food preferences are initiated early in life, but parents of preschoolers commonly report difficulties in getting their child to eat, or even taste, vegetables. What parents do to get their child to do something in a specific context (such as eating, homework, or chores) has been labeled “parenting practices.” Based on research on parenting practices (effective and ineffective) related to preschoolers’ vegetable consumption (hereinafter called vegetable parenting), a smart phone application (app) game prototype was developed to help parents of preschool children use effective vegetable parenting practices. This chapter presents the extensive formative research, describes the game app, and explains the behavioral science foundation.

[1]  M. Rothbart,et al.  Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. , 2001, Child development.

[2]  L. Birch,et al.  “Clean up your plate”: Effects of child feeding practices on the conditioning of meal size , 1987 .

[3]  Jefferson M. Koonce,et al.  Personal Computer-Based Flight Training Devices , 1998 .

[4]  Kenneth A. Lachlan,et al.  Popular Video Games: Quantifying the Presentation of Violence and Its Context , 2003 .

[5]  Deborah I Thompson,et al.  Playing for real: video games and stories for health-related behavior change. , 2008, American journal of preventive medicine.

[6]  L. Lytle,et al.  The effectiveness of nutrition education and implications for nutrition education policy, programs, and research: a review of research , 1995 .

[7]  Ran R. Hassin,et al.  Automatic and Flexible: The Case of Non-conscious Goal Pursuit. , 2009, Social cognition.

[8]  A. Lampen,et al.  Risks and benefits of dietary isoflavones for cancer , 2011, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[9]  Tom Baranowski,et al.  Story Immersion of Videogames for Youth Health Promotion: A Review of Literature. , 2012, Games for health journal.

[10]  Jennifer Edson Escalas IMAGINE YOURSELF IN THE PRODUCT : Mental Simulation, Narrative Transportation, and Persuasion , 2004 .

[11]  Fredric Jameson,et al.  The Political Unconscious. Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. , 1982 .

[12]  J. Mandler,et al.  Is There More than One Way to Recall a Story , 1979 .

[13]  S. Kremers,et al.  Parental and child fruit consumption in the context of general parenting, parental education and ethnic background , 2012, Appetite.

[14]  A. Lake,et al.  Longitudinal change in food habits between adolescence (11-12 years) and adulthood (32-33 years): the ASH30 Study. , 2006, Journal of public health.

[15]  S. Kremers,et al.  General parenting, childhood overweight and obesity-inducing behaviors: a review. , 2011, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[16]  Michael A. Forrester,et al.  Can narratology facilitate successful communication in hypermedia environments? , 1996, Intell. Tutoring Media.

[17]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Feasibility of an obesity intervention for paediatric primary care targeting parenting and children: Helping HAND. , 2013, Child: care, health and development.

[18]  H. Coulthard,et al.  Long-term consequences of early fruit and vegetable feeding practices in the United Kingdom , 2010, Public Health Nutrition.

[19]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Parental involvement in interventions to improve child dietary intake: a systematic review. , 2010, Preventive medicine.

[20]  Alice R. Kaminsky The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act , 1985 .

[21]  B. Massumi,et al.  The postmodern condition : a report on knowledge , 1979 .

[22]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Social-environmental influences on children's diets: results from focus groups with African-, Euro- and Mexican-American children and their parents. , 2000, Health education research.

[23]  E. Maccoby,et al.  Socialization In The Context Of The Family: Parent-Child Interaction , 1983 .

[24]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Fruit and vegetable availability: a micro environmental mediating variable? , 2007, Public Health Nutrition.

[25]  Alicia Beltran,et al.  Identifying and clarifying values and reason statements that promote effective food parenting practices, using intensive interviews. , 2011, Journal of nutrition education and behavior.

[26]  Katrin Becker,et al.  The Simulation-Game Controversy: What is a Ludic Simulation? , 2013, Int. J. Gaming Comput. Mediat. Simulations.

[27]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Patterns in children's fruit and vegetable consumption by meal and day of the week. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[28]  M. Holterman,et al.  Pediatric Obesity , 2009, Contemporary Endocrinology.

[29]  P. Winne,et al.  Feedback and Self-Regulated Learning: A Theoretical Synthesis , 1995 .

[30]  Melanie C. Green,et al.  Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: A framework to guide research and application , 2007, Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

[31]  R. Shewchuk,et al.  Child temperament, parent emotions, and perceptions of the child’s feeding experience , 2012, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

[32]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Parenting practices are associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in pre-school children , 2009, Public Health Nutrition.

[33]  M. Perugini,et al.  The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal-directed behaviours: broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour. , 2001, The British journal of social psychology.

[34]  T. Lam,et al.  Neighbourhood food environment and dietary intakes in adolescents: sex and perceived family affluence as moderators. , 2010, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[35]  Wei Peng,et al.  Design and Evaluation of a Computer Game to Promote a Healthy Diet for Young Adults , 2009, Health communication.

[36]  Paolo Vineis,et al.  Fruit, vegetables, and olive oil and risk of coronary heart disease in Italian women: the EPICOR Study. , 2011, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[37]  Hitendra K. Pillay,et al.  An Investigation of Cognitive Processes Engaged in by Recreational Computer Game Players , 2002 .

[38]  R. Barthes,et al.  An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative , 1975 .

[39]  Samuel D. Bradley,et al.  Death with a story: How story impacts emotional, motivational, and physiological responses to first-person shooter video games , 2004 .

[40]  W. Fisher The Narrative Paradigm: in the Beginning , 1984 .

[41]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Relationship of fruit and vegetable intake with adiposity: a systematic review , 2011, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[42]  Seymour Epstein,et al.  Cognitive-experiential self-theory. , 1998 .

[43]  T. Baranowski,et al.  A model of goal directed vegetable parenting practices , 2012, Appetite.

[44]  N. Kaciroti,et al.  Parenting Styles and Overweight Status in First Grade , 2006, Pediatrics.

[45]  山田 豊 Biographia Literaria 誕生の歴史 , 1992 .

[46]  Michael D. Slater,et al.  Television Dramas and Support for Controversial Public Policies: Effects and Mechanisms , 2006 .

[47]  R. Briefel,et al.  Food consumption patterns of young preschoolers: are they starting off on the right path? , 2010, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[48]  T. Baranowski,et al.  The Children's Behavior Questionnaire very Short Scale: Psychometric Properties and Development of a One-Item Temperament Scale , 2012, Psychological reports.

[49]  Diana Laurillard,et al.  Multimedia and the learner's experience of narrative , 1998, Comput. Educ..

[50]  J. Brug,et al.  For whom and under what circumstances do school-based energy balance behavior interventions work? Systematic review on moderators , 2011, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[51]  Hilary McLellan Hypertextual Tales: Story Models for Hypertext Design. , 1993 .

[52]  D. Baumrind Current patterns of parental authority. , 1971 .

[53]  R. Webb,et al.  Archived Version from Ncdocks Institutional Repository the Role of Child Temperament in Parental Child Feeding Practices and Attitudes Using a Sibling Design , 2022 .

[54]  E. Deci,et al.  Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[55]  T. Shahan Conditioned reinforcement and response strength. , 2010, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[56]  C. Collins,et al.  The impact of a child obesity treatment intervention on parent child-feeding practices. , 2010, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[57]  K. Resnicow,et al.  Healthy Body/Healthy Spirit: a church-based nutrition and physical activity intervention. , 2002, Health education research.

[58]  Janice Baranowski,et al.  Squire's Quest! Dietary outcome evaluation of a multimedia game. , 2003, American journal of preventive medicine.

[59]  John C Mathers,et al.  Tracking of obesity-related behaviours from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review. , 2011, Maturitas.

[60]  M. Rothbart,et al.  Development of Short and Very Short Forms of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire , 2006, Journal of personality assessment.

[61]  E. Arredondo,et al.  Longitudinal intervention effects on parenting of the Aventuras para Niños study. , 2010, American journal of preventive medicine.

[62]  N. Carroll,et al.  Narrative closure , 2007 .

[63]  L. Birch,et al.  Mothers' child-feeding practices influence daughters' eating and weight. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[64]  Maija-Leena Huotari,et al.  Preventing the Obesity Epidemic by Second Generation Tailored Health Communication: An Interdisciplinary Review , 2010, Journal of medical Internet research.

[65]  Michael D. Slater,et al.  Entertainment education and the persuasive impact of narratives. , 2002 .

[66]  D. Cook,et al.  Computerized Virtual Patients in Health Professions Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2010, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[67]  M. Zanna,et al.  Direct Experience And Attitude-Behavior Consistency , 1981 .

[68]  P. Vorderer,et al.  It’s okay to shoot a character: Moral disengagement in violent video games , 2010 .

[69]  P. Dagnelie,et al.  Interventions addressing general parenting to prevent or treat childhood obesity. , 2011, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[70]  Melanie C. Green,et al.  Narrative impact : social and cognitive foundations , 2003 .

[71]  S. Noar,et al.  Tailored Health Communication to Change Lifestyle Behaviors , 2011 .

[72]  N. Darling,et al.  Parenting Style as Context: An Integrative Model , 1993 .

[73]  Melanie C. Green,et al.  Narratives and Cancer Communication , 2006 .

[74]  Lydia Plowman An ethnographic approach to analysing navigation and task structure in interactive multimedia: some design issues for group use , 1993 .

[75]  T. Baranowski Understanding the behavioral linkages needed for designing effective interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake in diverse populations. , 2011, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[76]  David Birchfield,et al.  A Next Gen Interface for Embodied Learning: SMALLab and the Geological Layer Cake , 2010, Int. J. Gaming Comput. Mediat. Simulations.

[77]  A. Sachdeva Use of effective feedback to facilitate adult learning. , 2009, Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education.

[78]  David Gibson,et al.  International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations , 2012 .

[79]  D. Panagiotakos,et al.  Prevention of type 2 diabetes by dietary patterns: a systematic review of prospective studies and meta-analysis. , 2010, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

[80]  R. J. Wilson,et al.  A Map of Terms: The “Cultural Code” and “Ethnic Psychology” in Roland Barthes’ S/Z and “Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives” , 2000 .

[81]  Marina Papastergiou,et al.  Exploring the potential of computer and video games for health and physical education: A literature review , 2009, Comput. Educ..

[82]  Amanda J. Fairchild,et al.  The Integration of a Family Systems Approach for Understanding Youth Obesity, Physical Activity, and Dietary Programs , 2010, Clinical child and family psychology review.

[83]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Health professionals' and dietetics practitioners' perceived effectiveness of fruit and vegetable parenting practices across six countries. , 2010, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[84]  Matthew R Sanders,et al.  Randomised clinical trial of a family-based lifestyle intervention for childhood obesity involving parents as the exclusive agents of change. , 2010, Behaviour research and therapy.

[85]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Video game play, child diet, and physical activity behavior change a randomized clinical trial. , 2011, American journal of preventive medicine.

[86]  M. Kreuter,et al.  What makes cancer survivor stories work? An empirical study among African American women , 2008, Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice.

[87]  T. Brock,et al.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology the Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives Text Quality Individual Differences and Situational Influences Transportation Scale Items Gender Differences Discriminant Validation: Need for Cognition Effect of Text Manipulation Beli , 2022 .

[88]  David W. Wetter,et al.  Theory as Mediating Variables: Why Aren't Community Interventions Working as Desired? , 1997 .

[89]  Jonathan Cohen Defining Identification: A Theoretical Look at the Identification of Audiences With Media Characters , 2001 .

[90]  Janice Baranowski,et al.  Story Immersion in a Health Videogame for Childhood Obesity Prevention. , 2012, Games for health journal.

[91]  Deborah I Thompson,et al.  Serious Video Games for Health: How Behavioral Science Guided the Development of a Serious Video Game , 2010, Simulation & gaming.