The chemistry of TIG weld bead formation

TIG welding has high levels of stability and permits more refined control than the majority of other arc welding processes. However, it is well known that small changes in the chemical composition of the base metal and arc operating region can have a pronounced effect on the resulting weld bead shape, which reduces the ability to control and predict the process. Obviously, this reduces the reliability and controllability of TIG welding. This study reviews the variability of weld beads obtained in the TIG process, with small changes in chemical composition of the base metal, and A-TIG and TIG weldings with active gas. Aspects that are similar and unique to each case are highlighted and discussed. The mechanisms of weld bead shape presented in the literature are also presented and compared.

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