Surface remote sensing applications of GNSS bistatic radar: Soil moisture and aircraft altimetry

[1]  Stephen J. Katzberg,et al.  Detection of ocean reflected GPS signals: theory and experiment , 1997, Proceedings IEEE SOUTHEASTCON '97. 'Engineering the New Century'.

[2]  Stephen J. Katzberg,et al.  Wind speed measurement using forward scattered GPS signals , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[3]  James E Schroeder,et al.  Bistatic Radar Without Trans m itted Signa I-Covert Altimetry Concept , 1990 .

[4]  R. E. Phelts Multicorrelator techniques for robust mitigation of threats to GPS signal quality , 2001 .

[5]  J. Kong,et al.  Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications , 2000 .

[6]  T. Mo,et al.  Calculations of the Microwave Brightness Temperature of Rough Soil Surfaces: Bare Field , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[7]  G. Brown The average impulse response of a rough surface and its applications , 1977 .

[8]  G. Hayne,et al.  Radar altimeter mean return waveforms from near-normal-incidence ocean surface scattering , 1980 .

[9]  N. K. Pavlis,et al.  The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential Model EGM96 , 1998 .

[10]  Thomas J. Jackson,et al.  Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E , 2003, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[11]  Curt H. Davis,et al.  A robust threshold retracking algorithm for measuring ice-sheet surface elevation change from satellite radar altimeters , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[12]  D. Vallado Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications , 1997 .

[13]  Edward J. Walsh,et al.  Pulse‐to‐pulse correlation in satellite radar altimeters , 1982 .

[14]  R. W. Sutton,et al.  Satellite-Aircraft Multipath and Ranging Experiment Results at L Band , 1973, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[15]  J. Coffman,et al.  National Geophysical Data Center , 1985 .

[16]  M. Biot On the Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves on a Rough Surface , 1958 .

[17]  Thomas J. Jackson,et al.  Observations of soil moisture using a passive and active low-frequency microwave airborne sensor during SGP99 , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[18]  W. Peake Interaction of electromagnetic waves with some natural surfaces , 1959 .

[19]  Ragne Emardson,et al.  The systematic behavior of water vapor estimates using four years of GPS observations , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[20]  Ernesto Rodriguez,et al.  Assessment of the TOPEX altimeter performance using waveform retracking , 1994 .

[21]  E. Hanle,et al.  Survey of bistatic and multistatic radar , 1986 .

[22]  Richard A. Simpson,et al.  Spacecraft studies of planetary surfaces using bistatic radar , 1993, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[23]  Akira Ishimaru,et al.  Wave propagation and scattering in random media , 1997 .

[24]  Duncan J. Wingham,et al.  NEW TECHNIQUES IN SATELLITE ALTIMETER TRACKING SYSTEMS. , 1986 .

[25]  Qin Li,et al.  A parameterized surface reflectivity model and estimation of bare-surface soil moisture with L-band radiometer , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[26]  Sean P. Burns,et al.  Improved Wind Measurements on Research Aircraft , 1999 .

[27]  Fawwaz T. Ulaby,et al.  Bistatic specular scattering from rough dielectric surfaces , 1994 .

[28]  Gary S. Brown,et al.  Quasi-Specular Scattering from the Air-Sea Interface , 1990 .

[29]  William J. Emery,et al.  GPS signal scattering from land for moisture content determination , 2000, IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120).

[30]  E. Njoku,et al.  Passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture , 1996 .

[31]  J. C. Dainty,et al.  Theory of Wave Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces , 1991 .

[32]  Graham D. Quartly,et al.  The gate dependence of geophysical retrievals from the TOPEX altimeter , 2000 .

[33]  F. Ulaby,et al.  Radar mapping of surface soil moisture , 1996 .

[34]  Patrick C. Fenton,et al.  Performance Evaluation of the Multipath Estimating Delay Lock Loop , 1995 .

[35]  P. Axelrad,et al.  Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic radar measurements in SMEX02 , 2004 .

[36]  H. Jay Zwally,et al.  Analysis and retracking of continental ice sheet radar altimeter waveforms , 1983 .

[37]  T. Jackson,et al.  Remote sensing applications to hydrology: soil moisture , 1996 .

[38]  T. Schmugge,et al.  An Empirical Model for the Complex Dielectric Permittivity of Soils as a Function of Water Content , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[39]  Valery U. Zavorotny,et al.  Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[40]  L. Varshney Radar Principles , 2005 .

[41]  Robert E. Fischer,et al.  Standard Deviation of Scatterometer Measurements from Space , 1972 .

[42]  J. Robert Jensen Radar altimeter gate tracking: theory and extension , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[43]  Jonathan L. Bamber,et al.  Ice sheet altimeter processing scheme , 1994 .

[44]  T. Berger,et al.  Satellite altimetry using ocean backscatter , 1972 .

[45]  Thomas K. Meehan,et al.  The Potential Use of GPS Signals as Ocean Altimetry Observables , 1997 .

[46]  J. P. Provenzano,et al.  Galileo – Europe’s Contribution to the Next Generation of GNSS , 1999 .

[47]  M. Kayton,et al.  Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance [Book Review] , 2002, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[48]  Donald R. Thompson,et al.  Delay-Doppler analysis of bistatically reflected signals from the ocean surface: theory and application , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[49]  A. I. Zakharov,et al.  Reflection of radar waves by the ocean surface for bistatic radar using two satellites , 1993 .

[50]  Manuel Martín-Neira,et al.  The PARIS concept: an experimental demonstration of sea surface altimetry using GPS reflected signals , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[51]  H. T. Howard,et al.  Dual‐frequency bistatic‐radar investigations of the Moon with Apollos 14 and 15 , 1973 .

[52]  M. Martín-Neira A pasive reflectometry and interferometry system (PARIS) application to ocean altimetry , 1993 .

[53]  Eni G. Njoku,et al.  Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer Measurements of Soil Moisture , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[54]  Simonetta Paloscia,et al.  HYDRO-POL - a spaceborne polarimetric radar-radiometer for land hydrology and ocean salinity , 2002, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[55]  Venkat Lakshmi,et al.  Retrieval of soil moisture from passive and active L/S band sensor (PALS) observations during the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002 (SMEX02) , 2004 .

[56]  J. Stephen,et al.  Utilizing GPS To Determine Ionospheric Delay Over the Ocean , 1996 .

[57]  R. Girard,et al.  The HYDROS mission: requirements and system design , 2004, 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720).

[58]  H. Jay Zwally,et al.  Surface topography of the Greenland Ice Sheet from satellite radar altimetry , 1989 .

[59]  Dennis M. Akos,et al.  Passive Ranging Using the GPS , 1998 .

[60]  Wolfgang Rosenthal,et al.  Retrieval of ocean surface wave fields using marine radar-image sequences , 2004, IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[61]  B. Ledvina,et al.  First observations of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillations at midlatitude , 2002 .

[62]  H. Ward Radar reflectivity of land and sea , 1976, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[63]  T. Jackson,et al.  ESTAR: a synthetic aperture microwave radiometer for remote sensing applications , 1994, Proc. IEEE.

[64]  Richard K. Moore,et al.  Radar remote sensing and surface scattering and emission theory , 1986 .

[65]  M. D. Grossi,et al.  Bistatic radar measurements of electrical properties of the Martian surface , 1977 .

[66]  J. I. Glaser,et al.  Fifty years of bistatic and multistatic radar , 1986 .

[67]  G. Leonard Tyler,et al.  Mars Global Surveyor Bistatic Radar Probing of the MPL/DS2 Target Area , 2001 .

[68]  Valery U. Zavorotny,et al.  Bistatic radar scattering from an ocean surface in the small-slope approximation , 1999, IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293).

[69]  B. Choudhury,et al.  Effect of surface roughness on the microwave emission from soils , 1979 .

[70]  Cathryn N. Mitchell,et al.  Ionospheric electron concentration imaging using GPS over the USA during the storm of July 2000 , 2004 .

[71]  Kenneth W. Hudnut,et al.  Crustal deformation measurements in Guerrero, Mexico , 2004 .

[72]  Yann Kerr,et al.  Soil moisture retrieval from space: the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[73]  Elliott D. Kaplan Understanding GPS : principles and applications , 1996 .

[74]  Fawwaz T. Ulaby,et al.  Millimeter-wave bistatic scattering from ground and vegetation targets , 1988 .

[75]  Ronald Muellerschoen,et al.  A delay/Doppler-mapping receiver system for GPS-reflection remote sensing , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[76]  P. Beckmann,et al.  The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces , 1963 .

[77]  C. T. Stelzried,et al.  The Viking Radio Science Investigations , 1977 .

[78]  C. Zuffada,et al.  5‐cm‐Precision aircraft ocean altimetry using GPS reflections , 2002 .

[79]  Fawwaz T. Ulaby,et al.  Fluctuation statistics of millimeter-wave scattering from distributed targets , 1988 .

[80]  A. Voronovich,et al.  Bistatic GPS signal reflections at various polarizations from rough land surface with moisture content , 2000, IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120).

[81]  Urs Wegmüller,et al.  Rough bare soil reflectivity model , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[82]  Edward J. Walsh,et al.  Pulse Compression and Sea Level Tracking in Satellite Altimetry , 1989 .