Adaptive one-class Gaussian processes allow accurate prioritization of oncology drug targets

MOTIVATION The cost of drug development has dramatically increased in the last decades, with the number new drugs approved per billion US dollars spent on R&D halving every year or less. The selection and prioritization of targets is one the the most influential decisions in drug discovery. Here we present a Gaussian Process model for the prioritization of drug targets cast as a problem of learning with only positive and unlabeled examples. RESULTS Since the absence of negative samples does not allow standard methods for automatic selection of hyperparameters, we propose a novel approach for hyperparameter selection of the kernel in One Class Gaussian Processes. We compare our methods with state-of-the-art approaches on benchmark datasets and then show its application to druggability prediction of oncology drugs. Our score reaches an AUC 0.90 on a set of clinical trial targets starting from a small training set of 102 validated oncology targets. Our score recovers the majority of known drug targets and can be used to identify novel set of proteins as drug target candidates. AVAILABILITY Source code implemented in Python is freely available for download at https://github.com/AntonioDeFalco/Adaptive-OCGP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.