Ursolic acid ameliorates thymic atrophy and hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice.

[1]  W. Savino,et al.  Thymic microenvironmental alterations in experimentally induced diabetes. , 2010, Immunobiology.

[2]  Mi-Kyung Lee,et al.  Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on hepatic polyol pathway and glucose production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. , 2010, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[3]  D. Barnes,et al.  Aqueous extracts from dietary supplements influence the production of inflammatory cytokines in immortalized and primary T lymphocytes , 2009, BMC complementary and alternative medicine.

[4]  T. Fujiwara,et al.  Metformin primarily decreases plasma glucose not by gluconeogenesis suppression but by activating glucose utilization in a non-obese type 2 diabetes Goto-Kakizaki rats. , 2009, European journal of pharmacology.

[5]  J. Chai,et al.  The effects and mechanisms of insulin on systemic inflammatory response and immune cells in severe trauma, burn injury, and sepsis. , 2009, International immunopharmacology.

[6]  J. Imanishi,et al.  Correlations of sleep disturbance with the immune system in type 2 diabetes mellitus. , 2009, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[7]  L. Velloso,et al.  Leptin Action in the Thymus , 2009, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[8]  G. Sempowski,et al.  Cytokines, leptin, and stress‐induced thymic atrophy , 2008, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[9]  M. Solano,et al.  Dehydroepiandrosterone and metformin regulate proliferation of murine T lymphocytes , 2008, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[10]  L. Thorvaldson,et al.  Effects of a diabetes-like environment in vitro on cytokine production by mouse splenocytes. , 2008, Cytokine.

[11]  G. Take,et al.  Ultrastructure of the thymus in diabetes mellitus and starvation , 2008, Advances in therapy.

[12]  José Manuel Fernández-Real,et al.  Innate immunity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes , 2008, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.

[13]  L. Velloso,et al.  The thymus is a common target in malnutrition and infection , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[14]  Kyoung Eun Song,et al.  Clinical characteristics of Korean type 2 diabetic patients in 2005. , 2007, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[15]  A. Vaag,et al.  Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetic subjects: distinct phenotypes requiring special diabetes treatment and (or) prevention? , 2007, Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme.

[16]  P. Calder,et al.  Glucose metabolism in lymphoid and inflammatory cells and tissues , 2007, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[17]  G. Dworacki,et al.  Pro-atherogenic alterations in T-lymphocyte subpopulations related to acute hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients. , 2007, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[18]  H. Yun-Choi,et al.  Insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizing activities of a pentacyclic triterpenoid insulin receptor activator. , 2007, The Biochemical journal.

[19]  M. Suwa,et al.  Metformin increases the PGC-1alpha protein and oxidative enzyme activities possibly via AMPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in vivo. , 2006, Journal of applied physiology.

[20]  Li-Hong Hu,et al.  Ursolic acid and its derivative inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, enhancing insulin receptor phosphorylation and stimulating glucose uptake. , 2006, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[21]  E. Bernotiene,et al.  The role of leptin in innate and adaptive immune responses , 2006, Arthritis research & therapy.

[22]  W. Savino.  The Thymus Is a Common Target Organ in Infectious Diseases , 2006, PLoS pathogens.

[23]  K. Ueno,et al.  Establishment and pathophysiological characterization of type 2 diabetic mouse model produced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. , 2006, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[24]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Survival benefits of intensive insulin therapy in critical illness: impact of maintaining normoglycemia versus glycemia-independent actions of insulin. , 2006, Diabetes.

[25]  N. Satti,et al.  Amelioration of adjuvant-induced arthritis by ursolic acid through altered Th1/Th2 cytokine production. , 2006, Pharmacological research.

[26]  B. S. Duman,et al.  Protective effects of a calcium channel blocker on apoptosis in thymus of neonatal STZ-diabetic rats. , 2005 .

[27]  M. Kawai,et al.  Increases in body mass index, even within non‐obese levels, raise the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a follow‐up study in a Japanese population , 2005, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[28]  M. Jeschke,et al.  Insulin prevents liver damage and preserves liver function in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemic rats. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[29]  M. Martins,et al.  Thymus involution in alloxan diabetes: analysis of mast cells. , 2005, Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

[30]  R. Mooney,et al.  Hepatocytes: critical for glucose homeostasis. , 2004, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[31]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Metformin blunts stress-induced hyperglycemia after thermal injury. , 2003, The Journal of trauma.

[32]  K. Petersen,et al.  Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes. , 2000, Diabetes.

[33]  M. Sporn,et al.  Novel triterpenoids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in mouse macrophages. , 1998, Cancer research.

[34]  A. Mizuno,et al.  Exercise training in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on the B-cell mass, insulin content and fibrosis in the pancreas. , 1997, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[35]  S. Kaufmann,et al.  The role of T-cell subsets and cytokines in the regulation of infection. , 1991, Immunology today.

[36]  T. Issad,et al.  Effects of fasting on tissue glucose utilization in conscious resting rats. Major glucose-sparing effect in working muscles. , 1987, The Biochemical journal.

[37]  S. Wellhausen.  Definition of Streptozocin Toxicity for Primary Lymphoidal Tissues , 1986, Diabetes.

[38]  Y. Ito,et al.  Inhibitory effects of ursolic and oleanolic acid on skin tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. , 1986, Cancer letters.

[39]  Y. Okuno,et al.  Maturational impairment of thymic lymphocytes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. , 1984, Cellular immunology.

[40]  R. DeFronzo,et al.  Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance: A common feature of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus , 1982, Diabetologia.

[41]  J. Spellman,et al.  Streptozotocin effects on T lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. , 1981, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[42]  A. Marble,et al.  THE NATURE OF THE LOWERED RESISTANCE TO INFECTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS. , 1938, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[43]  Mi-Kyung Lee,et al.  Ursolic acid enhances the cellular immune system and pancreatic beta-cell function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet. , 2009, International immunopharmacology.

[44]  N. Goldenberg,et al.  Metformin-Diet Ameliorates Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Facilitates Resumption of Regular Menses in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , 2009, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[45]  J. Gameiro,et al.  Thymic alterations in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. , 2008, Cellular immunology.

[46]  R. Esper,et al.  Endothelial dysfunction in normal and abnormal glucose metabolism. , 2008, Advances in cardiology.

[47]  Y. Ikeda,et al.  Ursolic acid: an anti- and pro-inflammatory triterpenoid. , 2008, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[48]  M. Oztürk,et al.  Protective effects of a calcium channel blocker on apoptosis in thymus of neonatal STZ-diabetic rats. , 2005, Acta histochemica.

[49]  A. Singer,et al.  CD4/CD8 coreceptors in thymocyte development, selection, and lineage commitment: analysis of the CD4/CD8 lineage decision. , 2004, Advances in immunology.

[50]  Jie Liu.  Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid , 2003 .

[51]  L. Groop,et al.  Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes with and without GAD antibodies. , 1999, Diabetes.

[52]  Report of the American Institute of Nurtition ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. , 1977, The Journal of nutrition.