Ultimate strength of eccentrically loaded cold-formed angles

Results of the tests carried out on fifteen 65 × 50 × 4 mm (nine specimens with long leg connected and six with long leg out) and nine 55 × 55 × 4 mm eccentrically loaded cold-formed single angles are presented. The test specimens were connected at the ends to the test frame by bolts on one leg and were subjected to eccentric thrust (eccentricity about both principal axes). Three different slenderness ratios (80, 120, and 170) and three different end connections (one-, two-, and three-bolt) were used in the test program. Experimental failure loads are compared with the loads computed according to the general theory of torsional–flexural buckling, ASCE Manual No. 52, and the ECCS recommendations. The effect of the location of shear centre and the magnitude of warping constant on the ultimate strength of cold-formed single angles is discussed.