Kinetic Modeling of Plant and Fungal Membrane Transport Systems

GENERAL APPROACHES TO MODELING TRANSPORT SySTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Carriers and Channels.. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Practical Aspects......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 79 KINETIC MODELS OF CARRIERS FROM THEIR ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES.. 80 Experimental Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 80 The Pseudo-Two State Model ..... . . . ..... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Effects of Ligands: Higher-State Models . . ...... ..... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... .... . . . . . . . 84 Experimental Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 85 KINETIC MODELS OF CARRIERS FROM UNIDIRECTIONAL FLUXES . . . ..... .... 91 Experimental Approach.... ....... . . . . . . ....... 91 Analytical Methods . . .. . . ......... 91 Gradient-Driven Transport: Flexibility of Ordered Binding Models . . . . . . . . .. 92 Random Binding and "Dual Isotherms" . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Experimental Applications. . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 KINETIC MODELS OF IONIC CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Unitary Currents ..... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . .. . . ... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 98 Gating . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 100 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . .. 102

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