Changes in the depth profile of water in the stratum corneum treated with water

Background/purpose: Water in the stratum corneum (SC) plays an important role in keeping the skin surface soft and smooth. Information regarding the depth profile of the molecular composition of the skin, such as water and free amino acids, can be obtained non‐invasively using the recently developed confocal Raman spectrometer. In this study, we investigated changes in the depth profile of water in the SC treated with water. We also unveil a relationship between the depth profile patterns of water content in the SC and cutaneous sensation.

[1]  P. Corcuff,et al.  Biophysical characterization of dry facial skin , 1987 .

[2]  Hiroko Watanabe,et al.  Physiological and morphological changes in facial skin with aging. (II). A study on racial differences.:A study on racial differences , 1989 .

[3]  M. Manfait,et al.  An in vivo Randomized Study of Human Skin Moisturization by a New Confocal Raman Fiber-Optic Microprobe: Assessment of a Glycerol-Based Hydration Cream , 2006, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[4]  P Bastien,et al.  In vitro and in vivo confocal Raman study of human skin hydration: assessment of a new moisturizing agent, pMPC. , 2007, Biopolymers.

[5]  A V Rawlings,et al.  Measuring the effects of topical moisturizers on changes in stratum corneum thickness, water gradients and hydration in vivo , 2008, The British journal of dermatology.

[6]  Hidenobu Arimoto,et al.  Regional Difference of Water Content in Human Skin Studied by Diffuse-Reflectance Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Consideration of Measurement Depth , 2006, Applied spectroscopy.

[7]  R. Warner,et al.  Electron probe analysis of human skin: determination of the water concentration profile. , 1988, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[8]  Motoji Takahashi,et al.  In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy. , 2007, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[9]  M. Egawa,et al.  Comparison of the depth profiles of water and water‐binding substances in the stratum corneum determined in vivo by Raman spectroscopy between the cheek and volar forearm skin: effects of age, seasonal changes and artificial forced hydration , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[10]  H. Bruining,et al.  In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin: noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles. , 2001, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[11]  P. Clarys,et al.  In vitro calibration of the capacitance method (Corneometer CM 825) and conductance method (Skicon‐200) for the evaluation of the hydration state of the skin , 1997, Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging.

[12]  H. Tagami,et al.  Evaluation of the skin surface hydration in vivo by electrical measurement. , 1980, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[13]  Motoji Takahashi,et al.  Physiological and Morphological Changes in Facial Skin with Aging (I) , 1989 .

[14]  Gerwin J. Puppels,et al.  Automated depth-scanning confocal Raman microspectrometer for rapidin vivo determination of water concentration profiles in human skin , 2000 .